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{{short description|Province of China}}{{distinguish|text=the unrelated province of Hubei or the cities of Hebi, Henan and Hefei, Anhui}}{{redirect|冀|the surname|Ji (surname 冀)}}{{Other uses}}{{more citations needed|date=July 2014}}

factoids

zh|HébÄ›i shÄ›ng}})Abbreviation}}HE ({{zhi|p=Jì}})}}| image_map = Hebei in China (+all claims hatched).svg| mapsize = 275px| map_caption = Map showing the location of Hebei Province39.3116.7type:adm1stdisplay=it}}| named_for = Yellow River| subdivision_type = Country| subdivision_name = China| seat_type = Capital and largest city| seat = Shijiazhuang| parts_type = Divisions| parts_style = paraList of administrative divisions of Hebei>prefectures| p2 = 121 Counties| p3 = 2207 TownshipsProvinces of China>Province| governing_body = Hebei Provincial People’s CongressChinese Communist Party Committee Secretary>CCP Secretary| leader_name = Ni YuefengHebei Provincial People’s Congress>Congress chairman| leader_name1 = Ni YuefengGovernor (China)>Governor| leader_name2 = Wang ZhengpuChinese People’s Political Consultative Conference>CPPCC chairman| leader_name3 = Lian Yimin| area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 188800List of Chinese administrative divisions by area>12th| elevation_max_m = 2882Mount XiaowutaiLIU SCRIPT-TITLE=ZH:太行山把最高的山脊留在了河北 YEAR=2015 URL = HTTP://WWW.DILI360.COM/CNG/ARTICLE/P54ED2AEE95D2C70.HTM LANGUAGE=ZH-HANS URL = HTTP://WWW.STATS.GOV.CN/ENGLISH/PRESSRELEASE/202105/T20210510_1817188.HTML PUBLISHER=NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA, | population_total = 74,610,235| population_as_of = 2020List of Chinese administrative divisions by population>6th| population_density_km2 = autoList of Chinese administrative divisions by population density>11th| demographics_type1 = Demographics| demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Ethnic compositionHan Chinese: 96%>Manchu: 3%Hui people>Hui: 0.8%|Mongol: 0.3%}}| demographics1_title2 = Languages and dialectsJilu Mandarin, Beijing dialect>Beijing Mandarin, JinPUBLISHER = CHINA NBS ACCESS-DATE = MARCH 23, 2021, | demographics2_title1 = Total| demographics2_info1 = CNÂ¥4.039 trillionUS$635 billion | demographics2_title2 = Per capita| demographics2_info2 = CNÂ¥54,172US$8,397| iso_code = CN-HEHuman Development Index>HDI {{nobold|(2019)}}WEBSITE=GLOBALDATALAB.ORG #090List of administrative divisions of Greater China by Human Development Index>20thwww.hebei.gov.cn|hebei.gov.cn}}| official_name = Province of Hebei| image_skyline = {{Photomontage| photo1a = Jinshanling-facing-east-2019-Luka-Peternel.jpg| photo2a = Beidaihe, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China - panoramio (61).jpg| photo2b = Chengde Mountain Resort 3.jpg| photo3a = Fuqing Temple, Cangyan Mountain, Hebei.jpg| photo3b = Puning Temple, Place in front of hall of Mahayana.jpg| position = center| size = 280| color = #F5F5F5| border = 2| color_border = white}}Clockwise: Great Wall of China>Great Wall at Jinshanling, Chengde Mountain Resort, Puning Temple (Hebei), Fuqing Temple at Cangyan Mountain, Beidaihe District>Beidaihe in Qinhuangdao}}

factoids

| psp = Hopehh2b3}}| j = ho4 bak1h4b1}}| y = Hòh-bāk| wuu = Ghuå¹³pohå…¥| poj = Hô-pak| h = Hò-pet| xej = حَ‌بُوِ شْ| altname = AbbreviationChi4}}| gr2 = Jih| bpmf2 = ㄐㄧˋj4}}| j2 = kei3| y2 = Keik3}}| tl2 = KÄ«| altname3 = Zhili Province| s3 = 直隶省Chih2-li4 Sheng3}}zhi.i-eng|3}}| bpmf3 = ã„“ËŠ ㄌㄧˋ ㄕㄥˇ}}Hebei{{efn|{{zh|c={{Audio|zh-Hebei.ogg|河北|help=no}}|l=north of the Yellow River}}{{pb}}{{IPAc-en|UK|ËŒ|h|ɜː|’|b|eɪ}}BOOK, Longman, J.C., Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 2008, Pearson Education ESL, 978-1405881173, 3rd, or {{IPAc-en|h|@|’|b|eɪ}},ENCYCLOPEDIA,www.lexico.com/definition/Hebei,web.archive.org/web/20210518052007/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Hebei, dead, May 18, 2021, Hebei, Lexico UK English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, {{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|h|ÊŒ|’|b|eɪ}},MERRIAM-WEBSTER, Hebei, {{pb}}Postal romanization: Hopeh}} is a province in North China. Hebei is China’s sixth most-populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0.3% Mongol. Varieties of Chinese spoken include Jilu Mandarin, the Beijing dialect of Mandarin, and Jin Chinese.Hebei borders the provinces of Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, Shandong to the southeast, Liaoning to the northeast, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north. Hebei province additionally borders the direct-administered municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, whose territory it entirely surrounds on land. Its economy is based on agriculture and manufacturing. The province is China’s premier steel producer, although the steel industry creates serious air pollution.WEB, 河北概况,www.hebei.gov.cn/hebei/14462058/14462085/14471224/index.html, 河北省人民政府, 2020-01-23, 2020-08-13,www.hebei.gov.cn/hebei/14462058/14462085/14471224/index.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20200813033334www.hebei.gov.cn/hebei/14462058/14462085/14471224/index.html,">web.archive.org/web/20200813033334www.hebei.gov.cn/hebei/14462058/14462085/14471224/index.html, WEB, 河北省工业经济概况,gxt.hebei.gov.cn/hbgyhxxht/xxgk6/hbsgyjjgk82/index.html, 河北省工业和信息化厅, 2020-01-23, 2020-01-21,gxt.hebei.gov.cn/hbgyhxxht/xxgk6/hbsgyjjgk82/index.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20200121091327gxt.hebei.gov.cn/hbgyhxxht/xxgk6/hbsgyjjgk82/index.html,">web.archive.org/web/20200121091327gxt.hebei.gov.cn/hbgyhxxht/xxgk6/hbsgyjjgk82/index.html, WEB, 河北钢铁工业概况,www.ferro-alloys.cn/News/Details/275284, 中国铁合金网, 2020-01-23, 2020-02-18,www.ferro-alloys.cn/News/Details/275284," title="web.archive.org/web/20200218064916www.ferro-alloys.cn/News/Details/275284,">web.archive.org/web/20200218064916www.ferro-alloys.cn/News/Details/275284, Five UNESCO World Heritage Sites can be found in the province: the Great Wall of China, Chengde Mountain Resort, Grand Canal, Eastern Qing tombs, and Western Qing tombs. It is also home to five National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities: Handan, Baoding, Chengde, Zhengding and Shanhaiguan.During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (771–226 BC), the region was ruled by the states of Yan and Zhao. During the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), the region was called Zhongshu. It was called North Zhili during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), and simply Zhili during the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). The modern province of Hebei was created in 1928.

Etymology

“Hebei” means ‘north of the river’, derived from the province’s location north of the Yellow River in the North China Plain.WEB, 我国各省份名称的由来,new.qq.com/rain/a/20181208A0M4OV, 腾讯网, 2021-01-10, Origin of the Names of China’s Provinces {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427100058www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html |date=2016-04-27 }}, People’s Daily Online.{{in lang|zh}} Origin of the Names of China’s Provinces {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427100058www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html |date=2016-04-27 }}, People’s Daily Online.WEB, Yellow bridge Chinese Dictionary,www.yellowbridge.com/chinese/dictionary.php, 15 April 2016, Yellow Bridge, In the Yu Gong, the province is recorded as “Jizhou”, lending to its traditional abbreviation of “Ji” ({{zhi|s=冀}}).The province’s nickname is “Yanzhao” ({{zhi|s=燕赵}}), which is the collective name of the Yan and Zhao states that controlled the region during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (771–221 BC).WEB, 河北省古称“燕赵之地“，为什么现在的简称却是“冀“å‘¢?,www.sohu.com/a/294749251_353840, Sohu, 2021-01-10, In 1421, the Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, and the province surrounding the new capital was first called North Zhili or Zhili, meaning ‘directly ruled’.EB1911, Chih-Li, 6, 133, WEB, Yongle Emperor,www.worldhistory.org/Yongle_Emperor, World History Encyclopedia, 2021-01-10, When Nanjing became the capital of the Republic of China in 1928, the province of Zhili was abolished and given its present name of Hebei.WEB, 直隶省的称呼延续了几百年，1928年，为何被改成了河北省？,www.360kuai.com/pc/9b7b4962109a9be44?cota=3&kuai_so=1&sign=360_7bc3b157, 快资讯, 2021-01-10,

History

Pre and early history

Peking man, an early pre-historic Homo erectus, lived on the plains of Hebei around 200,000 to 700,000 years ago. Neolithic findings at the prehistoric Beifudi site date to 7000 and 8000 BC.WEB,www.kaogu.cn/en/detail.asp?ProductID=982, New Archaeological Discoveries and Researches in 2004 – The Fourth Archaeology Forum of CASS, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2007-09-18, 2011-05-12,www.kaogu.cn/en/detail.asp?ProductID=982," title="web.archive.org/web/20110512174808www.kaogu.cn/en/detail.asp?ProductID=982,">web.archive.org/web/20110512174808www.kaogu.cn/en/detail.asp?ProductID=982, dead, Many early Chinese myths are set in the province. Fuxi, one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, is said to have lived in present-day Xingtai.WEB,www.gatzs.com.cn/zhms/province.action?ssdm=086130000, 河北 – 中华名胜, 内地（祖国大陆）高校面向港澳台招生信息网, 2021-01-10, The mythical Battle of Zhuolu, won by the Yellow Emperor, Yan Emperor, and their Yanhuang tribes against the Chiyou-led Jiuli tribes, took place in Zhangjiakou and started the Huaxia civilization.During the Spring and Autumn period (722 BC–476 BC), Hebei was under the rule of Yan in the north and Jin in the south. Also during this period, a nomadic people known as Dí invaded the plains of northern China and established Zhongshan in central Hebei. In the Warring States period (403 BC–221 BC), Jin was partitioned and much of its territory in Hebei went to Zhao.

Qin and Han dynasties

The Qin dynasty unified China in 221 BC. The Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD) ruled the area under two provinces, You Prefecture in the north and Ji Province in the south. At the end of the Han dynasty, most of Hebei was under the control of warlords Gongsun Zan in the north and Yuan Shao further south. Yuan Shao emerged as the victor of the two, but he was defeated by Cao Cao in the Battle of Guandu in 200. Hebei came under the rule of the Kingdom of Wei, established by the descendants of Cao Cao.

Jin through the Three Kingdoms

After the invasions of northern nomadic peoples at the end of the Western Jin dynasty, chaos ensued in the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern dynasties. Because of its location on the northern frontier, Hebei changed hands many times and was controlled at various times by Later Zhao, Former Yan, Former Qin, and Later Yan. The Northern Wei reunified northern China in 440 but split in 534, with Hebei coming under Eastern Wei; then the Northern Qi, with its capital at Ye near modern Linzhang, Hebei. The Sui dynasty again unified China in 589.(File:Sancai Duck-Shaped Cup.jpg|thumb|200px|Tricolor Duck-Shaped Cup, Tang dynasty, unearthed from Anxin County)

Tang and Five dynasties

During the Tang dynasty (618–907), the area was officially called Hebei for the first time. The Great Yan State was established in Hebei from 756 to 763 during the An Lushan Rebellion. After the rebellion, Lulong Jiedushi retained its autonomy from Tang during most of the 9th century. During the late Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Lulong was fragmented among several regimes including the short-lived Yan. It was eventually annexed in 913 by Li Cunxu, who established the Later Tang (923–936). Emperor Gaozu of the Later Jin dynasty ceded much of northern Hebei to the Khitan Liao dynasty. This territory, called the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun, became a weakness in the Chinese defense against the Khitans for the next century because it lay within the Great Wall.

Song through Yuan dynasties

During the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), the sixteen ceded prefectures continued to be an area of contention between Song China and the Liao dynasty. Later, the Southern Song dynasty abandoned all of North China, including Hebei, to the Jurchen Jin dynasty after the 1127 Jingkang Incident of the Jin–Song wars. Hebei was heavily affected by the flooding of the Yellow River; between 1048 and 1128, the river ran directly through the province rather than to its south.BOOK, Zhang, Ling, The River, the Plain, and the State: An Environmental Drama in Northern Song China, 1048-1128, Cambridge University Press, 2016, 9781107155985, Cambridge, 1–4, English, The Mongol Yuan dynasty divided China into provinces but did not establish Hebei as a province. Instead, the area was directly administrated by the Secretariat at the capital Dadu.

Ming and Qing dynasties

The Ming dynasty ruled Hebei as Beizhili, meaning Northern Directly Ruled because the area contained and was directly ruled by the imperial capital in Beijing. The “Northern” designation was used because there was a southern counterpart covering present-day Jiangsu and Anhui. When the Manchu Qing dynasty came to power in 1644, they abolished the southern counterpart, and Hebei became known as Zhili or Directly Ruled. During the Qing dynasty, the northern borders of Zhili extended deep into Inner Mongolia and overlapped in jurisdiction with the leagues of Inner Mongolia.

Republic of China

(File:Hbeisheng.jpg|thumb|Hebei in 2022)The Qing dynasty collapsed in 1912 and was replaced by the Republic of China. In a few years, China descended into a civil war, with regional warlords vying for power. Since Zhili was so close to the capital of Beijing, it was the site of the Zhiwan War, the First Zhifeng War, and the Second Zhifeng War. With the success of the Northern Expedition in 1926 and 1927 by the Kuomintang, the capital was moved from Beijing to Nanjing. As a result, the province’s name was changed to Hebei, reflecting the relocation of the capital and its standard provincial administration.During the World War II, Hebei was under the control of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China, a puppet state of Imperial Japan.

People’s Republic of China

The founding of the People’s Republic of China saw several changes. The region around Chengde, previously part of Rehe Province (historically part of Manchuria), and the region around Zhangjiakou, previously part of Chahar Province (historically part of Inner Mongolia), were merged into Hebei. This extended its borders northwards beyond the Great Wall. Meanwhile, the city of Puyang was carved away, causing Hebei to lose access to the Yellow River. The city became part of the short-lived Pingyuan Province before eventually being annexed into Henan.WEB, 濮阳地区一直属于河北省，1952年，为何划归给了河南省？,www.sohu.com/a/205316427_628936, Sohu, 2021-01-10, The capital was also moved from Baoding to the new city of Shijiazhuang, and, for a short period, to Tianjin. On July 28, 1976, Tangshan was struck by the Tangshan earthquake, the deadliest earthquake of the 20th century, killing over 240,000 people. There were a series of smaller earthquakes in the following decade.Today, Hebei, along with Beijing and Tianjin municipalities which it includes, make up the Jing-Jin-Ji megalopolis region. With a population of 130 million, it is about six times the size of the New York metropolitan area and is one of the largest megalopolis clusters in China.NEWS,www.nytimes.com/2015/07/20/world/asia/in-china-a-supercity-rises-around-beijing.html, In China, a Supercity Rises Around Beijing, New York Times, Ian, Johnson, July 19, 2015, Beijing had also unloaded some of its non-capital functions to the province with the establishment of the Xiong’an New Area, which integrates the three municipalities.NEWS,www.china-briefing.com/news/xiongan-new-area-beijing-tianjin-hebei, Xiong’an New Area: President Xi’s Dream City, China Briefing, Frank, Wong, March 16, 2019, File:LangYaShan5.jpg|thumb|right|Langyashan (Wolf Tooth Mountain), in Yi County ]]File:Fengning Jing Bei meadow.jpg|thumb|Bashang Meadows in Fengning CountyFengning County

Geography

Hebei is the only province in China to contain plateaus, mountains, hills, shorelines, plains, and lakes.WEB,www.sohu.com/a/124048424_384784, 全国唯一兼有高原、山地、丘陵、海滨、湖泊的省份, Sohu, 2021-01-10, Most of central and southern Hebei lies within the North China Plain. Western Hebei rises into the Taihang Mountains (Taihang Shan), while the Yan Mountains (Yan Shan) runs through northern Hebei. Beyond the mountains are the grasslands of Inner Mongolia. The highest peak is Mount Xiaowutai in Yu County in the northwest of the province, with an altitude of {{convert|2882|m|abbr=on}}.Hebei borders the Bohai Sea on the east. The Hai River watershed covers most of the province’s central and southern parts; the Luan River watershed covers the northeast. Excluding manmade reservoirs, the largest lake in Hebei is Baiyangdian, located in Anxin County, Baoding.Major cities in Hebei include: Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Handan, and Zhangjiakou.Hebei has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate. Its winters are cold and dry, while its summers are hot and humid. Temperatures average {{convert|−16|to|−3|°C|°F}} in January and {{convert|20|to|27|°C|°F}} in July. The annual precipitation ranges from {{convert|400|to|800|mm|in|abbr=on}}, concentrated heavily in summer.{|class=“wikitable sortable” style="width:40%; font-size:95%;”Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in Hebei Province, ChinaCLIMATE FOR BAODING,www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101090201.shtml?, Weather China, 10 June 2017, WEB, Climate for Qinhuangdao,www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101091101.shtml?, Weather China, 10 June 2017, WEB, Climate for Tangshan,www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101090501.shtml?, Weather China, 10 June 2017, WEB, Climate for Zhangjiakou,www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101090301.shtml?, Weather China, 10 June 2017, !City!July (°C)!July (°F)!January (°C)!January (°F)Baoding >| 36.5/18.1Qinhuangdao >| 32.2/16.2Tangshan >| 33.6/13.6Zhangjiakou >| 36.0/8.8

Government

The politics of Hebei is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The Governor of Hebei is the highest-ranking official in the People’s Government of Hebei. However, in the province’s dual party-government governing system, the governor has less power than the Hebei Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary (CCP Party Chief).

Administrative divisions

Hebei has eleven prefecture-level divisions. All are prefecture-level cities:{| class=“wikitable” style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:smaller; text-align:center“! colspan=“9” |Administrative divisions of HebeiShijiazhuang}}{{Image label|x=710|y=610|scale=500/1000|text=Tangshan}}{{Image label|x=855|y=545|scale=500/1000|text=Qinhuangdao}}{{Image label|x=150|y=1225|scale=500/1000|text=Handan}}{{Image label|x=200|y=1090|scale=500/1000|text=Xingtai}}{{Image label|x=260|y=750|scale=500/1000|text=Baoding}}{{Image label|x=235|y=390|scale=500/1000|text=Zhangjiakou}}{{Image label|x=610|y=290|scale=500/1000|text=Chengde}}{{Image label|x=480|y=900|scale=500/1000|text=Cangzhou}}{{Image label|x=440|y=700|scale=500/1000|text=Langfang}}{{Image label|x=530|y=620|scale=500/1000|text={{large|↗}}}}{{Image label|x=335|y=990|scale=500/1000|text=Hengshui}}{{Image label|x=440|y=510|scale=500/1000|text={{nobold|Beijing}}}}{{Image label|x=570|y=660|scale=500/1000|text={{nobold|Tianjin}}}}{{Image label end}}!! scope=“col” rowspan=“2” | Division codeWEB, zh-hans,files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html, zh:中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码, Ministry of Civil Affairs, !! scope=“col” rowspan=“2” | Division!! scope=“col” rowspan=“2” | Area in km2BOOK, zh-hans, Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics, (:zh:中国统计出版社, China Statistics Print), zh:《深圳统计年鉴2014》,www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm, 2015-05-29,www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20150512184740www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20150512184740www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm, 2015-05-12, dead, !! scope=“col” rowspan=“2” | Population 2010BOOK, Census Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China, zh:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料, 2012, (:zh:中国统计出版社, China Statistics Print), Beijing, 978-7-5037-6660-2, 1, !! scope=“col” rowspan=“2” | Seat!! scope=“col” colspan=“4” | DivisionsBOOK, zh-hans, Ministry of Civil Affairs, zh:《中国民政统计年鉴2014》, August 2014, (:zh:中国统计出版社, China Statistics Print), 978-7-5037-7130-9, !! scope=“col” width=“45” | Districts!! scope=“col” width=“45” | Counties!! scope=“col” width=“45” | Aut. counties!! scope=“col” width=“45” | CL cities style="font-weight: bold“! 130000 !! Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang city >| 21! 130100 !! Shijiazhuang cityChang’an District, Shijiazhuang>Chang’an District 8 11 bgcolor=“grey”| 3! 130200 !! Tangshan cityLunan District > 3! 130300 !! Qinhuangdao cityHaigang District > ! 130400 !! Handan cityCongtai District > 1! 130500 !! Xingtai cityXindu District, Xingtai>Xindu District 4 12 bgcolor=“grey”| 2! 130600 !! Baoding cityJingxiu District > 4! 130700 !! Zhangjiakou cityQiaoxi District, Zhangjiakou>Qiaoxi District 6 10 bgcolor=“grey” ! 130800 !! Chengde cityShuangqiao District, Chengde>Shuangqiao District 3 4 3 1! 130900 !! Cangzhou cityYunhe District >| 4! 131000 !! Langfang cityAnci District >| 2! 131100 !! Hengshui cityTaocheng District > 1These eleven prefecture-level divisions are subdivided into 168 county-level divisions (47 districts, 21 county-level cities, 94 counties and 6 autonomous counties). Those are, in turn, divided into 2207 township-level divisions (1 district public office, 937 towns, 979 townships, 55 ethnic townships, and 235 subdistricts). At the end of 2017, the total population of Hebei was 75.2 million.WEB, 中国统计年鉴—2018,www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2018/indexch.htm, 2022-11-21, www.stats.gov.cn,

Urban areas{| class“wikitable sortable collapsible” style@font-size:90%;”

! colspan=5 | Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities! # !! Cities !! style="background-color: #aaaaff;“| 2020 Urban areaBOOK, 国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编, 2022, zh:中国2020年人口普查分县资料, Beijing, (:zh:中国统计出版社, China Statistics Print), 978-7-5037-9772-9, !! style="background-color: #aaaaff;“| 2010 Urban areaBOOK, 国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编, 2012, zh:中国2010年人口普查分县资料, Beijing, (:zh:中国统计出版社, China Statistics Print), 978-7-5037-6659-6, !! style="background-color: #ffaaaa;” | 2020 City properShijiazhuang>name=ShijiazhuangGaocheng District>Gaocheng (Gaocheng CLC), Luquan District, Luancheng, Shijiazhuang>Luancheng (Luancheng County). These new districts are not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}}11,235,086Tangshan>name=TangshanCaofeidian District>Caofeidian (Tanghai County). The new district is not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}}7,717,983Handan>name=HandanYongnian District>Yongnian (Yongnian County), Feixiang District; Handan County merged into Hanshan District>Hanshan & Congtai District. These new districts are not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}}>|9,413,990Baoding{{efn>name=Xiong’anname=BaodingMancheng District>Mancheng (Mancheng County), Qingyuan District, Baoding, Xushui District>Xushui (Xushui County). These new districts are not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}}11,544,036Xingtai>name=XingtaiRenze, Xingtai>Renze (Renxian County), Nanhe, Xingtai. The new district is not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}}>|7,111,106Qinhuangdao>name=QinhuangdaoFuning District>Funing (Funing County). The new district is not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}}3,136,879Zhangjiakou>name=ZhangjiakouWanquan District>Wanquan (Wanquan County), Chongli District; Xuanhua County merged into Xuanhua District>Xuanhua. These new districts are not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}}4,118,908Langfang>|5,464,087Sanhe, Hebei>Sanhe760,107386,902{{small|see Langfang}}Cangzhou>|7,300,783Xiong’an{{efn>name=Xiong’an}}717,120bgcolor=“lightgrey”name=XNAsee Baoding}}Hengshui>name=HengshuiJizhou District, Hengshui>Jizhou (Jizhou CLC). The new district is not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}}4,212,933Dingzhou>see Baoding}}Chengde>|3,354,444Qian’an, Hebei>Qian’an466,210308,849{{small|see Tangshan}}Renqiu>see Cangzhou}}Bazhou, Hebei>Bazhou455,923291,710{{small|see Langfang}}Wu’an>see Handan}}Zhuozhou>see Baoding}}Zunhua>see Tangshan}}Xinji>see Shijiazhuang}}Huanghua>see Cangzhou }}Gaobeidian>see Baoding}}Hejian>see Cangzhou }}Xinle, Hebei>Xinle281,458194,480{{small|see Shijiazhuang}}Luanzhou>{{efnLuanxian County is currently known as Luanzhou CLC after the census.}}{{small|see Tangshan}}Shahe, Hebei>Shahe265,977218,958{{small|see Xingtai}}Botou>see Cangzhou }}Jinzhou, Hebei>Jinzhou238,153160,284{{small|see Shijiazhuang}} Pingquan>{{efnPingquan County is currently known as Pingquan CLC after the census.}}{{small|see Chengde}}Shenzhou City>Shenzhou197,414207,945{{small|see Hengshui}}Anguo>see Baoding}}Nangong>see Xingtai}} bgcolor=“lightgrey”Gaocheng District>Gaocheng{{smallsee Shijiazhuang}}>name=Shijiazhuang}}{{small|see Shijiazhuang}} bgcolor=“lightgrey”Luquan District>Luquan{{smallsee Shijiazhuang}}>name=Shijiazhuang}}{{small|see Shijiazhuang}} bgcolor=“lightgrey”Jizhou District, Hengshui>Jizhou{{smallsee Hengshui}}>name=Hengshui}}{{small|see Hengshui}}

Notes

{{notelist}}{{Largest cities|largest = Most populous|country = Hebei|kind = citiesChina Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary PopulationMINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN-RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA(MOHURD) DATE=2019 TRANS-TITLE=CHINA URBAN CONSTRUCTION STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 2018 LOCATION=BEIJING ACCESS-DATE=2021-11-29 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200718211023/HTTP://WWW.MOHURD.GOV.CN/XYTJ/TJZLJSXYTJGB/JSTJNJ/W02020032722244243052500000.XLS, dead, |list_by_pop =|city_1 = Shijiazhuang|pop_1 = 2,843,100|img_1 = 懷特區 - panoramio.jpg|city_2 = Handan|pop_2 = 2,044,000|img_2 = 邯郸市街道01.jpg|city_3 = Tangshan|pop_3 = 2,041,700|img_3 = 唐山万达公园里C8æ ‹9层西向 大钊公园.jpg|city_4 = Baoding|pop_4 = 1,730,000|img_4 = Baoding 001.jpg|city_5 = Qinhuangdao|pop_5 = 1,338,600|city_6 = Zhangjiakou|pop_6 = 1,072,200|city_7 = Xingtai|pop_7 = 936,800|city_8 = Cangzhou|pop_8 = 648,800|city_9 = Hengshui|pop_9 = 643,400|city_10 = Langfang|pop_10 = 608,400|city_11 = Chengde|pop_11 = 597,800|city_12 = Dingzhou|pop_12 = 416,100|city_13 = Renqiu|pop_13 = 368,500|city_14 = Qian’an, Hebei{{!}}Qian’an|pop_14 = 350,000|city_15 = Zhuozhou|pop_15 = 277,800|city_16 = Luanzhou|pop_16 = 273,000|city_17 = Wu’an|pop_17 = 248,300|city_18 = Zunhua|pop_18 = 243,300|city_19 = Sanhe, Hebei{{!}}Sanhe|pop_19 = 218,700|city_20 = Xinji|pop_20 = 211,300}}

Economy

In 2014, Hebei’s gross domestic product (GDP) was 2.942 trillion yuan (US$479 billion).WEB,www.china-briefing.com/news/2012/01/27/chinas-provincial-gdp-figures-in-2011.html, China’s Provincial GDP Figures in 2011 – China Briefing News, 27 January 2012, It is ranked sixth in the PRC, with its GDP per capita reaching 40,124 renminbi. As of 2011, the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors of industry contributed 203.46 billion, 877.74 billion, and 537.66 billion RMB respectively. The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.96%.Hebei’s industries include textiles, coal, steel, iron, engineering, chemical production, petroleum, power, ceramics, and food. 40% of Hebei’s labor force works in the agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry sectors, with the majority of production from these industries going to Beijing and Tianjin. Hebei’s main agricultural products are cereal crops, including wheat, maize, millet, and sorghum. Cash crops like cotton, peanut, soybeans and sesame are also produced.Hebei has abundant natural resources. The Kailuan mine in Tangshan, with a history of over 100 years, is one of China’s first modern coal mines. It remains active, with an annual production of over 20 million metric tonnes. Much of the (:zh:华北油田|North China Oilfied) is within Hebei. There are major iron mines at Handan and Qian’an. Iron and steel manufacturing are the largest industries in Hebei.

Economic and technological development zones

• Baoding Hi-Tech Industry Development Zone
• Langfang Export Processing Zone
• Qinhuangdao Economic & Technological Development Zone
• Qinhuangdao Export Processing Zone
• Shijiazhuang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
• Xiong’an New Area

{{Historical populations|title = Historical population| percentages = pagrRehe Province dissolved in 1955. Parts of it were incorporated into Hebei Province.Chahar Province>Qahar Province dissolved in 1952. Parts of it were incorporated into Hebei Province.ACCESS-DATE=6 MARCH 2014, |26,658,000ACCESS-DATE=6 MARCH 2014, |31,232,000ACCESS-DATE=6 MARCH 2014, |28,644,000ACCESS-DATE=6 MARCH 2014, |28,719,000PUBLISHER=NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20090805174810/HTTP://WWW.STATS.GOV.CN/TJGB/RKPCGB/QGRKPCGB/T20020404_16767.HTM 35,984,644PUBLISHER=NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120914173158/HTTP://WWW.STATS.GOV.CN/TJGB/RKPCGB/QGRKPCGB/T20020404_16768.HTM 45,687,781PUBLISHER=NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120510075429/HTTP://WWW.STATS.GOV.CN/TJGB/RKPCGB/QGRKPCGB/T20020404_16769.HTM 53,005,876PUBLISHER=NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120619002216/HTTP://WWW.STATS.GOV.CN/TJGB/RKPCGB/QGRKPCGB/T20020404_16772.HTM 61,082,439PUBLISHER=NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120829052024/HTTP://WWW.STATS.GOV.CN/TJGB/RKPCGB/QGRKPCGB/T20020331_15435.HTM 66,684,419PUBLISHER=NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20130727021210/HTTP://WWW.STATS.GOV.CN/ENGLISH/NEWSANDCOMINGEVENTS/T20110429_402722516.HTM 71,854,202URL=HTTP://TJJ.HEBEI.GOV.CN/RES/HETJ/UPLOAD/FILE/20210519/%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5%E4%B8%80_101118.PDF74,610,235}}

Demographics

The population in Hebei is mostly Han Chinese. There are 55 ethnic minorities in Hebei, representing 4.27% of the total population. The largest ethnic groups are Manchu (2.1 million people), Hui (600,000 people), and Mongol (180,000 people).WEB,info.hebei.gov.cn/hbszfxxgk/329988/330059/3736560/index.html, zh:河北省少数民族及宗教概况, Hebei People’s Government, 2014-08-28,info.hebei.gov.cn/hbszfxxgk/329988/330059/3736560/index.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20170419145310info.hebei.gov.cn/hbszfxxgk/329988/330059/3736560/index.html,">web.archive.org/web/20170419145310info.hebei.gov.cn/hbszfxxgk/329988/330059/3736560/index.html, 2017-04-19, dead, Population totals do not include those in active service with the People’s Liberation Army.{{Source: Department of Population, Social, Science, and Technology Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China and Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, eds. Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China. 2 vols. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House (), 2003. ({{ISBN|7-105-05425-5}})}}{| class=“wikitable“! colspan=“3” align=“center” | Ethnic groups in Hebei, 2000 census! Nationality !! Population !! PercentageHan Chinese >| 95.65%Manchu >| 3.18%Hui people>Hui 542,639 0.78%Mongol >| 0.26%Zhuang people>Zhuang 20,832 0.031%In 2019, the birth rate was 10.83 births per 1,000 people, while the death rate was 6.12 deaths per 1,000 people.WEB, 分省年度数据, National Bureau of Statistics of China,data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103&zb=A0301®=130000&sj=2020, 2021-07-10, The male population is 37,679,003 (50.50%), the female population is 36,931,232 (49.50%). The gender ratio of the total population was 102.02, decreasing by 0.82 from 2010.WEB, 河北省第七次全国人口普查公报(第三号), Hebei Provincial Bureau of Statistics,tjj.hebei.gov.cn/res/hetj/upload/file/20210519/%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5%E4%B8%89_101212.pdf, 2021-07-10,

Religion

{{Pie chartXiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15) {{webarchive>url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015) to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: â‘  Christian churches, and â‘¡ the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i.e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organized into lineage “churches” and ancestral shrines). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang. The number of Muslims is taken from a survey reported in the year 2010.}}Chinese folk religion>Deity worshippers, Taoism, Buddhism>Buddhists, Confucianism, Chinese salvationist religions>folk religious sects, or not religious people|value1 = 90.61|color1 = Honeydew|label2 = Chinese ancestral religion|value2 = 5.52|color2 = FireBrick|label3 = Christianity|value3 = 3.05|color3 = DodgerBlue|label4 = Islam|value4 = 0.82|color4 = Green}}The dominant religions in Hebei are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions, and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 5.52% of the population believe in and are involved in ancestor veneration, while 3.05% identify as Christian, belonging mostly to the Catholic Church. As of 2010 Muslims constitute 0.82% of the population of Hebei.Min Junqing. The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China. JISMOR, 8. 2010 Islam by province, page 29. Data from: Yang Zongde, Study on Current Muslim Population in China, Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.Although the surveys did not provide specific data for other religions, 90.61% of the population are either nonreligious or are involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and folk religious sects. Zailiism is a folk religious sect that originated in Hebei. Local worship of deities organized into benevolent churches in reaction to Catholicism in the Qing dynasty.{{multiple image| align = center| direction = horizontal| width = 150| image1 = Dafuo2.jpgBodhisattva statue of Puning Temple (Hebei)>Puning Temple| image2 = 张挥公大殿2.jpgancestral shrine of the Zhang (surname)>Zhang lineage, in Qinghe}}Hebei has the largest Catholic population in China, with one million members and 1.5 million Catholics according to the Catholic Church.WEB,www.chinacath.org/news/china/2010-09-15/8534.html, zh:河北地下教会主教成为爱国会成员, chinacath.org, 2010-09-15, 2014-08-27,www.chinacath.org/news/china/2010-09-15/8534.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20140903142132www.chinacath.org/news/china/2010-09-15/8534.html,">web.archive.org/web/20140903142132www.chinacath.org/news/china/2010-09-15/8534.html, 2014-09-03, dead, WEB, zh:天主教,www.hebmzt.gov.cn/tabid/73/InfoID/1240/frtid/84/Default.aspx, dead,www.hebmzt.gov.cn/tabid/73/InfoID/1240/frtid/84/Default.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20170922194128www.hebmzt.gov.cn/tabid/73/InfoID/1240/frtid/84/Default.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20170922194128www.hebmzt.gov.cn/tabid/73/InfoID/1240/frtid/84/Default.aspx, 2017-09-22, 2014-08-26, hebmzt.gov.cn, In 1900, apparition of the Virgin Mary was said have appeared in the town of Donglu in Baoding. As a result, Donglu is “one of the strongholds of the unofficial Catholic Church in China”.Country Advice China, Australian Government 13 February 2012 Many Catholics in Hebei remain loyal to the Pope and reject the authority of the Catholic Patriotic Church. Four of Hebei’s underground bishops have been imprisoned in recent years: Bishop Francis An Shuxin of Donglu since 1996; Bishop James Su Zhimin since October 1997; Bishop Han Dingxiang of Yongnian who died in prison in 2007, and Bishop Julius Jia Zhiguo of Zhengding since late 1999.Hebei {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924081030www.prayforchina.com/province/Hebei.htm |date=2015-09-24 }}, Pray for ChinaFile:Zhengding Lingxiao Pagoda 3.jpg|thumb|right|The Lingxiao Pagoda of Zhengding, Hebei Province, built in AD 1045 during the Song dynastySong dynasty

Culture

Language

People speak dialects of Mandarin across the Hebei, with most classified as part of the Ji Lu Mandarin subdivision of Chinese. Along the western border with Shanxi, dialects are distinct enough for linguists to consider them as part of Jin, another subdivision of Chinese. In general, the dialects of Hebei are similar to the Beijing dialect, which forms the basis for Standard Chinese and the official language of the nation. However, there are also some distinct differences, such as the pronunciation of some words, made by entering tone syllables (syllables ending on a plosive) in Middle Chinese.

Arts

File:Bowl_(Wan)_with_Peony,_Chrysanthemum,_and_Prunus_Sprays_LACMA_M.73.48.101.jpg|thumb|A Ding wareDing wareTraditional forms of Chinese opera in Hebei include Pingju, Hebei Bangzi (Hebei Clapper Opera), and Cangzhou Kuaiban Dagu. Pingju is especially popular because it tends to use colloquial language which is easier for audiences to understand. Originating from northeastern Hebei, Pingju was influenced by other forms of Chinese opera such as Beijing opera. Traditionally Pingju has a xiaosheng (young male lead), a xiaodan (young female lead), and a xiaohualian (young comic character), though it has diversified to include other roles.WEB, 评剧、河北梆子,182.92.234.121:8081/project/res/public.html?ename=44zgxqwh&second=3.%E8%AF%84%E5%89%A7%E3%80%81%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E6%A2%86%E5%AD%90, 中华传统文化数字资源库系统, 2021-01-10, Quyang County, in central Hebei, is noted for Ding ware, a type of Chinese ceramics which includes various vessels such as bowls, plates, vases, and cups, as well as figurines. Ding ware is usually creamy white, though it is also made in other colors.File:Donkey sandwich, Hejian style (20160220143311).jpg|thumb|Hejian-styled donkey burgerdonkey burger

Cuisine

Hebei cuisine is typically based on wheat, mutton, and beans. The donkey burger, originating from the cities of Baoding and Hejian, Cangzhou, is a staple in provincial cuisine and has spread into the two municipalities. Other dishes include local variants of shaobing.

Entertainment

Beidaihe, located near Shanhaiguan, is a popular beach resort.

Architectural and cultural sites

File:Phillipvn2.jpg|thumb|Section of the Great Wall of China at JinshanlingJinshanlingFile:Xumipagodazhengding.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Xumi Pagoda of ZhengdingZhengdingThe Ming Great Wall crosses the northern part of Hebei, and its eastern end is located on the coast at Shanhaiguan (Shanhai Pass), near Qinhuangdao. Informally known as the First Pass of The World, Shanhaiguan Pass was where Ming general Wu Sangui opened the gates to Manchu forces in 1644, beginning nearly 300 years of Manchu rule.The Chengde Mountain Resort and its outlying temples are a World Heritage Site. Also known as the Rehe Palace, this was the summer resort of the Manchu Qing dynasty emperors. The resort was built between 1703 and 1792. It consists of a palace complex and a large park with lakes, pavilions, causeways, and bridges. There are also several Tibetan Buddhist and Han Chinese temples in the surrounding area.File:避暑山庄小金山.jpg|thumb|Chengde Mountain ResortChengde Mountain ResortThere are Qing dynasty imperial tombs at Zunhua (Eastern Qing Tombs) and Yixian (West Qing Tombs). The Eastern Qing Tombs are the resting place of 161 Qing emperors, empresses, and other members of the Qing imperial family, while the West Qing Tombs have 76 burials. Both tomb complexes are part of a World Heritage Site.The Zhaozhou, or Anji Bridge, was built by Li Chun during the Sui dynasty and is the oldest stone arch bridge in China. It is one of the most significant examples of pre-modern Chinese civil engineering. Baoding, the old provincial capital, contains the historic Zhili governor’s residence and the former court.Xibaipo, a village about {{convert|90|km|abbr=on}} from Shijiazhuang in Pingshan County, was the location of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the headquarters of the People’s Liberation Army during the decisive stages of the Chinese Civil War between May 26, 1948, and March 23, 1949. Today, the area houses a memorial site.{{citation |author=Kenneth Pomeranz |title=Musings on a Museum: A Trip to Xibaipo |date=July 22, 2010 |url=http://www.thechinabeat.org/?p=2384 |author-link=Kenneth Pomeranz}}

Sports

The 2018 Women’s Bandy World Championship was held in Hebei. Sports teams based in Hebei include National Basketball League (China), Hebei Springs Benma, and the Chinese Football Association team Hebei F.C., Hebei Elite F.C., and Cangzhou Mighty Lions F.C. Baoding is home to the Baoding balls, a kind of metal ball for exercise and meditation.

Education

{{see also|List of universities and colleges in Hebei}}Under the national Ministry of Education:

• North China Electric Power University ()

Under other national agencies:

• Central Institute for Correctional Police ()
• Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Academy ()
• North China Institute of Science and Technology ()

Under the provincial government:

• Chengde Medical College ()
• Handan College ()
• Hebei Agricultural University ()
• Hebei Engineering University ()
• Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering ()
• Hebei Medical University ()
• Hebei Normal University ()
• Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology ()
• Hebei North University ()
• Hebei Physical Educational Institute ()
• North China University of Science and Technology ()
• Hebei University ()
• Hebei University of Economics and Business ()
• Hebei University of Technology ()
• Hebei University of Science and Technology ()
• Hengshui University ()
• Langfang Teacher’s College ()
• North China Coal Medical College ()
• Shijiazhuang College ()
• Shijiazhuang Railway Institute ()
• Shijiazhuang University of Economics ()
• Tangshan College ()
• Tangshan Teacher’s College ()
• Xingtai University ()
• Yanshan University ()

There are also Tibetan Buddhist schools in the province.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Intracity Rail

The Shijiazhuang Metro is the only operational rapid transit system in Hebei. Xiong’an Rail Transit is a planned metro system in Xiong’an.

Intercity Rail

As of early 2013, railway schedule systems listed 160 passenger train stations within the province.List of train stations in Hebei {{in lang|zh}} Because Hebei surrounds Beijing and Tianjin, all the important railway lines from these cities pass through Hebei. The Beijing–Guangzhou railway is one of the most important. It passes through many major cities, including Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai and Handan on its way south to Henan. Other important railways include the Beijing–Kowloon railway, Beijing–Shanghai railway, Beijing–Harbin railway, Beijing–Chengde railway, Beijing–Tongliao railway, Beijing–Baotou railway and Fengtai–Shacheng railway. High-speed rail lines crossing the province include the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway, Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway, and Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan high-speed railway.During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, Beijing and Hebei collaborated on a new passenger railway. The RMB 82.6 billion network will add {{Convert|844|km|mi}} to the system. Current railway systems for Hebei are also being upgraded and will soon be able to travel at speeds of between {{Convert|160 and 200|km|mi}} per hour.

Highways and primary routes

The recent expressway boom in China included Hebei. There are expressways to every prefecture-level city in Hebei, totaling approximately {{Convert|2,000|km|mi}}. The total length of highways within Hebei is around {{Convert|40,000|km|mi}}.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Air transit

Shijiazhuang’s Zhengding Airport is the province’s center for air transportation, with domestic and international flights. Parts of Hebei are served by the Beijing Daxing International Airport in Beijing.NEWS, Moore, Malcolm, September 9, 2011, China to build world’s biggest airport, The Daily Telegraph,www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8752665/China-to-build-worlds-biggest-airport.html,

Ocean transit

There are several ports along the Bohai Sea, including Huanghua, Jingtang, and Qinhuangdao. Qinhuangdao is the second busiest port in China and has a capacity of over 100 million tons.

Media

Hebei is served by the province-wide Hebei Television, abbreviated HEBTV. Shijiazhuang Radio & Television is a regional network that covers the provincial capital. Hebei is also served by three major newspapers: Hebei Daily, Yanzhao Metropolis Daily, and Yanzhao Evening News. Hebei Daily Newspaper Group publishes all three newspapers.

Notable people

• Zu Chongzhi (429–500) – astronomer, mathematician, politician, inventor, and writer known for calculating pi to an accuracy that was not surpassed for 800 years
• Feng Dao (881–954) – inventor, printer, and politician
• Zhang Fei (?–221) – military general during the Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period who became sworn brothers with Liu Bei and Guan Yu
• Xia Gengqi (born 1933) – curator in the Beijing Palace MuseumNEWS, Xue, Li, 19 July 2010, zh:杂项专家夏更起:全国有十几家拍卖公司足矣(图), zh-hans, Beijing Business Daily,news.xinmin.cn/rollnews/2010/07/19/5843103.html, 1 January 2011,
• Qin Shi Huang (259 BC–210 BC) – founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of a unified China
• Guo Jingjing (born 1981) – Olympic gold medalist diver and world champion
• Jing Ke (?–227 BC) – retainer of Crown Prince Dan, assassin who attempted to murder Qin Shi Huang
• Jizi (1942–2015) – ink painter
• Zhao Lirong (1928–2000) – Singer, film actress, and Ping opera performer
• Deng Lun (born 1992) – actor who gained popularity from the xianxia drama, Ashes of Love
• Liu Shichao or Hebei Pangzai – Internet personality known for his food and drink stunts
• Yan Yuan (1635–1704) – Confucian philosopher
• Zheng Yuanjie (born 1955) – Children’s books author, and founder and writer of King of Fairy Tales
• Zanilia Zhao (born 1987) – television actress
• Zhao Yun or Zhao Zilong (?–229) – military general who lived during the same period as Zhang Fei
• (柳哲生, 1914–1991) – ace-fighter pilot of Nationalist Air Force of China, a veteran of the War of Resistance-WWII

Sister subdivisions

Hebei is a sister district with the following country states, districts, and other subdivisions:WEB,www.he.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti/2006-04/13/content_6734329.htm, zh:河北省地级市及部分县级市缔结国际友好城市列表, Xinhua Hebei, 2006-04-13, zh-cn, 2020-02-06, 2015-09-24,www.he.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti/2006-04/13/content_6734329.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20150924025612www.he.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti/2006-04/13/content_6734329.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20150924025612www.he.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti/2006-04/13/content_6734329.htm, dead,

• {{flagdeco|GRC}} Athens (September 26, 2002)
• {{flagdeco|ARG}} Buenos Aires Province (May 19, 1992)
• {{flagdeco|BEL}} East Flanders (October 4, 1991)
• {{flagdeco|BRA}} Goiás (March 24, 1999)
• {{flagdeco|FRA}} Hauts-de-Seine (February 11, 1997)
• {{flagdeco|US}} Iowa (July 22, 1983)
• {{flagdeco|RUS}} Leningrad Oblast (July 20, 1992)
• {{flagdeco|US}} Missouri (January 25, 1994)
• {{flagdeco|JPN}} Nagano Prefecture (November 11, 1983)
• {{flagdeco|HUN}} Pest County (May 27, 2015)
• {{flagdeco|ROK}} South Chungcheong Province (October 19, 1994)
• {{flagdeco|JPN}} Tottori Prefecture (June 9, 1986)
• {{flagdeco|ITA}} Veneto (May 17, 1988)

See also

• Dongyi Protectorate
• Hebei People
• List of prisons in Hebei
• Major national historical and cultural sites in Hebei

Notes

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References

Citations

{{Reflist}}

Sources

• Economic profile for Hebei at HKTDC
• Ponds, Paddies and Frontier Defence: Environmental and Economic Changes in Northern Hebei in Northern Song China (960–1127)

External links

{{Commons}}{{Clear}}{{Geographic location|Centre = Hebei (surrounds Beijing and Tianjin)|North = Inner Mongolia|Northeast = Liaoning|East = Bohai Sea|Southeast = Shandong|South = Henan|Southwest = |West = Shanxi|Northwest = }}{{Hebei topics}}{{Hebei}}{{Province-level divisions of the People’s Republic of China}}{{Authority control}}