Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 - 21 September 1860, and pronounced: “Showpenhower”) was a Dutch-German (Polish-born, German-raised) philosopher best known for his 1818 masterpiece, The World as Will and Representation (Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, sometimes translated as The World as Will and Idea, and expanded in 1844), which incorporated...

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 - 14 November 1831, and pronounced: “Heygl”) was a German philosopher perhaps most remembered today for the “Master-Slave Dialectic”, though Hegel sought to undo Dualism common in Modern Philosophy. Like Immanuel Kant, Hegel developed a vast and comprehensive philosophical system, an “Absolute Idealism”, and...

Friedrich Nietzsche (15 October 1844 - 25 August 1900, and pronounced: “NeeShuh”) was a Prussian (German) philosopher whose work encompassed Poetry, cultural criticism, philosophical essays, and aphorisms. Including strong elements of Philology, irony and insult, pointed criticisms of Truth and religious pseudo-morality, and...

Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 - 25 June 1984, and pronounced: “Fookoh”) was a French philosopher who was also a professor, literary critic, and political activist. Foucault's theories primarily addressed the relationships between social and political Power as contrasted with traditional studies of Knowledge, Existence, or Liberty,...

Mark Ray Martin Parrott is an American philosopher, writer, musician, photographer, designer, and programmer, known for his early adoption of independent, small press publishing, and as developer and editor of GetWiki, a Wiki website focusing on Philosophy and other subjects. M.R.M. Parrott's books include the Timeless (M.R.M...

GetWiki and the GNU FDL Content on GetWiki which has been imported, adapted, and corrected from Wikinfo or Pseudopedia is licensed under the GNU FDL and/or CCL as applicable. Note that Wikinfo also imported content from Pseudopedia, but is no longer the same site. All GetWiki content (imported or not) is licensed under the Creative Commons...

GetWiki and the Creative Commons Content on GetWiki which has been imported, adapted, and corrected from Wikinfo or Pseudopedia is licensed under the GNU FDL and/or CCL as applicable. Note that Wikinfo also imported content from Pseudopedia, but is no longer the same site. All GetWiki content (imported or not) is licensed under the Creative...

The Creative Commons (CC, at CreativeCommons.org) is a non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative work available for others legally to build upon and share. The organization has released a number of easy to understand Creative Commons Licenses using simple graphics and labels defining or...

The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH) is a scientific proposal based on numerous findings that the onset of the “Younger Dryas” (YD) period at the end of the last glacial era around 12,800 years ago was the result of a complex set of cosmic and oceanic events. YDIH is an additional explanation for the hypothesis that YD was caused by “shutdown” of ocean currents, such as the “North Atlantic Conveyor”,...

There are many definitions of Complexity, therefore many natural, artificial and abstract objects or networks can be considered to be complex systems, and their study (complexity science) is highly interdisciplinary. Examples of complex systems include ant-hills, ants themselves, economies, nervous systems, cells and living things, including human beings, as well as modern energy or telecommunication...

Systems Theory (or Theorie) or General Systems Theory or Systemics is an interdisciplinary field which studies Systems as a whole. Systems Theory was founded by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, William Ross Ashby and others between the 1940s and the 1970s with focus on Physics, Biology, and Engineering, and it later grew with connections into Philosophy, Sociology, and Economics, as developed by Fritjof Capra and others, as...

Cybernetics is the study of Communication and Control Theory, typically involving regulatory feedback in living Organisms, Machines, Organizations, and their combinations. For example, it includes the study of computer-controlled Machines such as Automata and Robots, along with the study of sociotechnical systems. The term Cybernetics stems from the Ancient Greek Κυβερνήτης (kybernetes, steersman, governor,...

Open Source computer software is that whose “source code”, the code which generates the software's system or purpose, is either in the Public Domain or, more commonly, is copyright-protected by one or more persons or entities and licensed to anyone according to an Open Source License. This usually grants permission to use and redistribute the software, as well as to modify its source code and distribute modified...

An “operating system” consists of many utilities, along with a master control program, called the “kernel”. The kernel provides services to start and stop programs, handle the file system and other “low level” tasks most programs on your computer share. Perhaps most importantly, the kernels also schedule access to hardware, avoiding conflicts if two programs try to access the same resource or device simultaneously. ...

The Apache HTTP Server is an Open-Source Web Server application primarily used on Unix platforms (BSDi, Linux, Mac OS X, and others), but also on Windows, although that is rare, due to IIS native integration. Apache is the “gold standard” on Unix-based web hosting, supporting a huge number of extensions and plugins, and Apache runs on over 120 million web servers, including most public...

PseudoPhilosophy is any idea or system that masquerades itself as Philosophy while significantly failing to meet even basic intellectual standards. The term is frequently pejorative, and most applications of it are quite contentious. The term bears the same relationship to Philosophy that PseudoScience bears to Science, or Anti-Matter to Matter. PseudoPhilosophy is simply “Bullshit”, in the common vernacular. The...

Timeless is a concept which describes something as being without a beginning or end, or at least seeming that way. It is an eternal or everlasting quality we find in some things. It is the “timeless beauty” of great designs, films, and fashion models. Timeless can refer to being unrestricted to a particular Time, or being independent within Time itself, as in Time Travel. Creative works which have been named...

Religious Studies is a popular and important element in cultures world-wide, and in the Western traditions it was a part of Philosophy (specifically Metaphysics) along with Science, but that was a long, long time ago, during Antiquity, and particularly the Middle Ages. While both Philosophy and Science have seen incredible...

The Matrix Series consists of the films and animated shorts: The Matrix (1999), The Animatrix (2003), The Matrix Reloaded (2003), The Matrix Revolutions (2003), and The Matrix Resurrections (2021), as well as the video games and other literature, all produced, or written and directed by the Wachowski Siblings. The Matrix “Universe” is a complex...

How many students have relied on false information from Pseudopedia? Is the fact that it's a Wiki relevant to the question?“Pseudopedia”, “The Pseudopedia”, is an open-content information website, whose co-founder claims is the “sum of all human knowledge”, or at least, that it should become that sum. Since 2003, The Pseudopedia has immensely popularized the concepts of “Wiki” and free information in the public...

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