The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH) is a scientific proposal based on numerous findings that the onset of the “Younger Dryas” (YD) period at the end of the last glacial era around 12,800 years ago was the result of a complex set of cosmic and oceanic events. YDIH is an additional explanation for the hypothesis that YD was caused by “shutdown” of ocean currents, such as the “North Atlantic Conveyor”,...

There are many definitions of Complexity, therefore many natural, artificial and abstract objects or networks can be considered to be complex systems, and their study (complexity science) is highly interdisciplinary. Examples of complex systems include ant-hills, ants themselves, economies, nervous systems, cells and living things, including human beings, as well as modern energy or telecommunication...

Systems Theory (or Theorie) or General Systems Theory or Systemics is an interdisciplinary field which studies Systems as a whole. Systems Theory was founded by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, William Ross Ashby and others between the 1940s and the 1970s with focus on Physics, Biology, and Engineering, and it later grew with connections into Philosophy, Sociology, and Economics, as developed by Fritjof Capra and others, as...

Cybernetics is the study of Communication and Control Theory, typically involving regulatory feedback in living Organisms, Machines, Organizations, and their combinations. For example, it includes the study of computer-controlled Machines such as Automata and Robots, along with the study of sociotechnical systems. The term Cybernetics stems from the Ancient Greek Κυβερνήτης (kybernetes, steersman, governor,...

Science (or “Universal Science”) is a traditional branch of Metaphysics, which is a major branch of Philosophy. This fact and truth may seem controversial, it may be anathema to some, but there it is. The entire project and purpose of Science is the forever more fundamental and rigorous pursuit of Theory, Observation, Measurement, and Tabulation of, well, everything...