{{short description|Videoconferencing software}}{{About|the software|the company that develops it|Zoom Video Communications}}{{Use American English|date=December 2020}}{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2020}}

factoids

name

Windows, macOS, Linux, Android (operating system)>Android, iOS, ChromeOS

WEB, Zoom system requirements: Windows, macOS, Linux,weblink support.zoom.us, 13 February 2022, 3 November 2021,weblink live, | language count = 15

WEBSITE=SUPPORT.ZOOM.US

ARCHIVE-DATE=JUNE 26, 2020

URL-STATUS=LIVE,

Videoconferencing, Voice over IP>VoIP, and Instant messaging| license = Freemium| website = {{Official website}}}}Zoom (stylized as all lowercase) is a proprietary videotelephony software program developed by Zoom Video Communications. The free plan allows up to 100 concurrent participants, with a 40-minute time restriction. Users have the option to upgrade by subscribing to a paid plan, the highest of which supports up to 1,000 concurrent participants for meetings lasting up to 30 hours.WEB, Plans and Pricing - Zoom,weblink zoom.us, June 24, 2020, April 6, 2020,weblink live,

History

{{Further|Zoom Video Communications}}(File:Zoom Communications Logo.svg|thumb|2014 logo)A beta version of Zoom that could host conferences with only up to 15 video participants was launched on August 21, 2012.NEWS,weblink A Chance To Call 15 Friends To Video Chat In High Def, The Wall Street Journal, August 21, 2012, Walt Mossberg, Mossberg, Walter S., subscription, April 13, 2020,weblink April 8, 2020, live, On January 25, 2013, version 1.0 of the program was released with an increase in the number of participants per conference to 25.NEWS,weblink Zoom Raises $6M Series A, Launches Version 1.0 Of Its, TechCrunch, January 28, 2013, May 14, 2020,weblink September 23, 2016, live, By the end of its first month, Zoom had 400,000 users. By 2013, Zoom had more than one million users.WEB,weblink Zoom Video Communications Reaches 1 Million Participants, TMCnet, 23 May 2013, Pleasant, Robbie, July 21, 2014,weblink October 4, 2019, live, After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, by February 2020, Zoom had gained 2.22 million users in 2020 â€“ more users than it amassed in the entirety of 2019.NEWS,weblink Zoom has added more videoconferencing users this year than in all of 2019 thanks to coronavirus, Bernstein says, Novet, Jordan, CNBC, February 26, 2020, March 31, 2020,weblink March 4, 2020, live, WEB, 2020-09-02, Zoom shares spike after coronavirus lockdown,weblink 2020-09-03, NewsComAu, en, November 16, 2020,weblink live, In March 2020, the Zoom app was downloaded 2.13 million times.NEWS, Neate, Rupert, Zoom booms as demand for video-conferencing tech grows,weblink April 29, 2020, The Guardian, March 31, 2020,weblink April 22, 2020, live, MAGAZINE, Fry, Naomi, Embracing the Chaotic Side of Zoom,weblink April 29, 2020, The New Yorker, April 27, 2020,weblink April 27, 2020, live, During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a major increase in the use of Zoom for remote work, distance education,WEB, Abbott, Eileen, Students and teachers struggle with remote education due to coronavirus,weblink The Hill (newspaper), The Hill, April 21, 2020, en, April 20, 2020, June 21, 2020,weblink live, and online social relations.NEWS,weblink We Live in Zoom Now, The New York Times, Lorenz, Taylor, Taylor Lorenz, Griffith, Erin, Isaac, Mike, March 17, 2020, subscription, 0362-4331, March 23, 2020,weblink March 23, 2020, live, Zoom was one of the most downloaded mobile apps worldwide in 2020 with over 500 million downloads.WEB, Here Are The 10 Most Downloaded Apps Of 2020,weblink January 7, 2021, January 8, 2021, Forbes, en-US, As of April 2020, Zoom had more than 300 million daily meeting participants (calculated as the number of times someone joins a meeting, which can happen multiple times per day).NEWS,weblink Zoom admits it doesn't have 300 million users, corrects misleading claims, TOM, WARREN, The Verge, April 30, 2020, WEB, Zoom walks back claims it has 300 million daily active users,weblink 30 April 2020, 30 April 2020, CNBC, en-US,

Features

Zoom One has six tiers: Basic, Pro, Business, Business Plus, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus.NEWS, Perino, Marissa, 26 March 2020, How to upgrade your Zoom account from a basic plan to host larger group meetings and more, Business Insider,weblink live, 30 April 2020,weblink April 2, 2020, NEWS, Trueman, Charlotte, Zoom unveils its latest platform evolution with the launch of Zoom One,weblink 24 August 2022, Computer World, 22 June 2022, Zoom is compatible with Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, ChromeOS, and Linux. It is noted for its simple interface and usability, regardless of technological expertise.NEWS, Singer, Natasha, Zoom's Security Woes Were No Secret to Business Partners Like Dropbox,weblink 30 April 2020, The New York Times, 20 April 2020,weblink April 23, 2020, live, Features include one-on-one meetings, group video conferences, screen sharing, plugins, browser extensions, and the ability to record meetings and have them automatically transcribed.NEWS, Tillman, Maggie, What is Zoom and how does it work? Plus tips and tricks,weblink 30 April 2020, Pocket-lint, 24 April 2020,weblink May 21, 2020, live, On some computers and operating systems, users are able to select a virtual background, which can be downloaded from different sites, to use as a backdrop behind themselves.Use of the platform is free for video conferences of up to 100 participants at once, with a 40-minute time limit. There is a 10-minute timeout period between free 40-minute meetings. For longer or larger conferences with more features, paid subscriptions are available. Features geared towards business conferences, such as Zoom Rooms, are also available.NEWS, Vigliarolo, Brandon, Zoom: A cheat sheet about the video conferencing solution,weblink 30 April 2020, TechRepublic, 30 April 2020,weblink April 23, 2020, live, NEWS, Nguyen, Nicole, Don't Get Bombed: How to Host Zoom Meetings, Hangouts, Houseparty and More,weblink 30 April 2020, The Wall Street Journal, 2 April 2020,weblink April 22, 2020, live, WEB,weblink Zoom Meeting Plans for Your Business, Zoom Video Communications, November 29, 2017,weblink April 6, 2020, live, Up to 49 people can be seen on a desktop or laptop screen at once,NEWS, Tilley, Aaron, Microsoft Takes On Zoom and Slack in a Battle for Your Work Computer,weblink 8 June 2020, The Wall Street Journal, 2 June 2020,weblink June 5, 2020, live, up to 4 people per screen in iPhone and Android mobile phones and tablet computers, and up to 16 people per screen on iPad. Zoom security features include password-protected meetings, user authentication, waiting rooms, locked meetings, disabling participant screen sharing, randomly generated IDs, and the ability for the host to remove disruptive attendees.NEWS, Osborne, Charlie, Zoom security: Your meetings will be safe and secure if you do these 10 things,weblink 8 June 2020, ZDNet, 22 April 2020,weblink April 21, 2020, live, As of June 2020, Zoom began offering end-to-end encryption to business and enterprise users, with AES 256 GCM encryption enabled for all users.NEWS, Gilbert, Ben, Zoom isn't beefing up security for free users so that it's better able to 'work with law enforcement',weblink 8 June 2020, Business Insider, 3 June 2020,weblink June 9, 2020, live, In October 2020, Zoom added end-to-end encryption for free and paid users. It is available on all platforms, except for the official Zoom web client.NEWS, Grothaus, Michael, How to turn on end-to-end encryption in Zoom (and why you should),weblink 1 November 2020, Fast Company, 27 October 2020, NEWS, Porter, Jon, Zoom's end-to-end encryption has arrived,weblink 1 November 2020, The Verge, 27 October 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, Zoom also offers a transcription service using Otter.ai software that allows businesses to store transcriptions of the Zoom meetings online and search them, including separating and labeling different speakers.WEB,weblink From Your Mouth to Your Screen, Transcribing Takes the Next Step, The New York Times, 2020-06-13, 2020-06-14, November 16, 2020,weblink live, In July 2020, Zoom Rooms and Zoom Phone became available as hardware as a service products.NEWS, Sevilla, Gadjo, Zoom Launches Hardware-as-a-Service Products,weblink 30 July 2020, PC Magazine, 7 July 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, As of July 2022, Zoom Phone is available for domestic telephone service in 47 countries, and the company has sold 3 million seats for the service.NEWS, Smith, Ryan, Zoom Phone Celebrates Three Million Users Worldwide,weblink 24 August 2022, UC Today, 8 July 2022, Zoom for Home, a category of products designed for home use, became available in August 2020.NEWS, Tilley, Aaron, Zoom Targets Prolonged Remote-Work Era as Coronavirus Drags On,weblink 30 July 2020, The Wall Street Journal, 15 July 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, Zoom Phone Provider Exchange, which gives customers options for voice services, reaches more than 70 countries. In July 2022, an option was added on Zoom Phone to turn on end-to-end encryption during one-on-one calls between users on the same company account.NEWS, Holt, Kris, Zoom brings end-to-end encryption to its cloud phone service,weblink 24 August 2022, Engadget, 21 July 2022, In September 2020, Zoom added new accessibility features to make the app easier to use for those who are deaf, hard of hearing, or visually impaired. New features include the ability to move around video windows in gallery view, pin video windows to be spotlighted; improved keyboard shortcuts; new tools to adjust the size of closed captioning text; and sign language interpreters' windows can now sit directly next to the speaker.NEWS, Graham, Jefferson, Move speaker windows, add closed captioning: Zoom adds accessibility features for video meetings,weblink 30 September 2020, USA Today, 23 September 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, In October 2020 at Zoomtopia, Zoom's annual user conference, the company unveiled OnZoom, a virtual event marketplace with an integrated payment system where users can host and promote free or paid live events.NEWS, Wainewright, Phil, Zoomtopia 2020 - Zoom becomes a platform, for apps and for paid meetings,weblink 1 November 2020, Diginomica, 14 October 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, NEWS, Vincent, James, Zoom launches marketplace for paid events and new third-party app integrations,weblink 1 November 2020, The Verge, 14 October 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, With OnZoom, users will be able to schedule and host one-time events or event series for up to 1,000 attendees and sell tickets online.NEWS, Aten, Jason, Zoom Is Already Where We Do Pretty Much Everything. It Just Got Even Better at It,weblink 1 November 2020, Inc., 14 October 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, The company also announced Zoom Apps, a feature integrating third-party apps so they can be used within the Zoom interface during meetings. The first such apps were expected to be available around the end of 2020, from companies including Slack, Salesforce, Dropbox, and Qatalog. In October 2020, Zoom gave its users better security with an upgrade to end-to-end encryption for its online meetings network.NEWS, Mello, John, Zoom Beefs Up User Security With End-To-End Encryption,weblink www.technewsworld.com, 28 October 2020, November 7, 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, Also in October 2020, Zoom signed a carrier agreement with Global BT BusinessWEB, BT Managed Service for Zoom Meetings,weblink BT.com, en-GB, to offer a fully managed Zoom Meetings service featuring a choice of connectivity and integration with its global voice network.WEB, 2020-10-12, BT expands digital workplace portfolio with Zoom,weblink computerweekly.com, In February 2021, Zoom added a "virtual receptionist" feature in the Kiosk Mode for Zoom Rooms. Created for in-person visitors to a business to interact in the lobby without physical contact.WEB, Novet, Jordan, Zoom adds virtual receptionists for when people start going back to the office,weblink 2023-02-10, CNBC, February 3, 2021, en, On March 22, 2021, Zoom announced that it would start selling its videoconferencing technology as a white-label product, so other companies can embed it in their own products, with the calls running over Zoom but not carrying the company's brand name.NEWS, Tilley, Aaron, Zoom Wants You to Zoom Even When Using Other Companies' Apps,weblink 23 March 2021, The Wall Street Journal, 22 March 2021, In July 2021, Zoom released Zoom Apps which integrated a marketplace of third-party applications such as Dropbox Spaces, Asana, and SurveyMonkey.WEB, Rayome, Alison DeNisco, Zoom: Use apps like Asana and Dropbox and schedule virtual events now,weblink 2023-01-24, CNET, en, In August 2021, Zoom launched Focus Mode, designed for use in educational settings.WEB, Jha, Sakshi, Aug 13, 2021, Zoom launches 'Focus Mode' feature; here's how you can enable it,weblink 2022-11-04, India Today, en, WEB, Focus Mode Now Enabled in Zoom,weblink 2022-11-04, edtech.ucsd.edu, When active, the mode will hide participants' screens from each other (though they can see each other's names) while the host retains the ability to see everyone's camera stream or screen share.WEB, Sanhz, Judy, 2021-09-12, What is and How to Use Focus Mode on Zoom,weblink 2022-11-04, Technipages, en-US, The feature is available across all Zoom accounts, including free ones.WEB, Clark, Mitchell, Zoom's new focus mode could keep students from distracting each other,weblink 12 August 2021, The Verge, 11 August 2021, NEWS, Molina, Brett, Kids using Zoom for school? There's a new way to keep them focused,weblink 3 October 2021, USA Today, 12 August 2021, In September 2021 at Zoomtopia, the company announced that end-to-end encryption would now be available as an upgrade for Zoom Phone users. The company also announced Bring Your Own Key (BYOK) (for users to manage their own encryption keys that Zoom cannot access or see), Verified Identity (a multi-factor authentication feature working through Okta that allows users to confirm the identity of meeting participants), and Video Engagement Center (for businesses to digitally interact with customers).NEWS, Greig, Jonathan, Zoom unveils new security features including end-to-end encryption for Zoom Phone, verified identities and more,weblink 4 October 2021, ZD Net, 13 September 2021, NEWS, Wright, Tom, Zoom Launches Video Engagement Center,weblink 4 October 2021, UC Today, 13 September 2021, Other updates include revamped virtual whiteboard features, including touchscreen whiteboards that can be digitized for remote participants, and improved collaboration between Zoom Meetings and Zoom Chat.NEWS, Wilson, Mark, Zoom's all-out blitz to become the king of hybrid work,weblink 4 October 2021, Fast Company, 13 September 2021, In October 2021, the option to automatically generate closed captions in English for Zoom meetings was expanded to all accounts, including free ones. The feature had previously only been available for Premium users.NEWS, Lyons, Kim, Zoom now has auto-generated captions available for free accounts,weblink 25 October 2021, The Verge, 25 October 2021, In April 2022, Zoom added features including gesture recognition, a virtual whiteboard, and Zoom IQ for sales.WEB, Zoom announced a slate of updates and new features,weblink 2022-04-21, TechCrunch, April 20, 2022, en-US, {{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}WEB, Zoom launches AI-powered features aimed at sales teams,weblink 2022-04-21, TechCrunch, April 13, 2022, en-US, {{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} In February 2022, the company launched Zoom Contact Center, a cloud contact center optimized for video calls and integrated directly into Zoom.NEWS, Sawers, Paul, Zoom launches 'video-optimized' Contact Center into general availability,weblink 24 August 2022, Venture Beat, 23 February 2022, In June 2022, Zoom One, which brings together chat, phone, whiteboard, and video conferencing capabilities into a single offering, was launched.NEWS, Gleason, Mike, Zoom One bundles services to draw single-vendor customers,weblink 24 August 2022, Tech Target, 7 July 2022, Also in June 2022, Zoom opened its Zoom Apps developer program to all developers, via Zoom Apps SDK. With the release of Zoom One, the company offers video conferencing translation and captioning for 11 languages: English, simplified Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. This feature is available with the Business Plus and Enterprise Plus plans.

Usage

File:Zoom Alma Mater Europaea.jpg|thumb|300x300px|In July 2020, using Zoom, the International Association of Constitutional Law and Alma Mater Europaea Alma Mater EuropaeaZoom is used by a variety of individuals and private and public organizations, including banks, schools,WEB, Das, Aruna, Rules for the Zoom era: How to be a high school student during the coronavirus pandemic,weblink 2021-03-26, USA Today, en-US, universities, healthcare providers, and government agencies,NEWS, Sabbagh, Dan, UK government told not to use Zoom because of China fears,weblink 8 June 2020, The Guardian, 24 April 2020,weblink May 6, 2020, live, NEWS, Hodge, Rae, Zoom security issues: Zoom buys security company, aims for end-to-end encryption,weblink 8 June 2020, CNET, 8 May 2020,weblink May 12, 2020, live, NEWS, Span, Paula, With Red Tape Lifted, Dr. Zoom Will See You Now,weblink 8 June 2020, The New York Times, 8 May 2020,weblink May 12, 2020, live, NEWS, Herrera Greenspan, Hannah, Using Zoom, Chicago hair stylists help clients cut and color their own hair at home,weblink 8 June 2020, Chicago Tribune, 21 May 2020,weblink June 8, 2020, live, and for ceremonies such as birthday parties,NEWS, Nierenberg, Amelia, Go Ahead, Blow Out the Candles on Zoom,weblink 8 June 2020, The New York Times, 2 May 2020,weblink May 10, 2020, live, funeral services,NEWS, Li, Sara, Zoom funerals are a new reality in quarantine. This is what they're like.,weblink 8 June 2020, Insider, 7 May 2020, January 4, 2021,weblink live, and bar and bat mitzvah services.NEWS, Springer, Shira, For Some, Zoom Bar And Bat Mitzvahs Highlight 'Most Meaningful And Memorable Moments',weblink 8 June 2020, NPR, 16 May 2020,weblink June 11, 2020, live, NEWS, Robbins, Roni, Zoom Mitzvah,weblink 8 June 2020, Atlanta Jewish Times, 12 April 2020,weblink April 26, 2020, live, In 2020, Zoom formed a partnership with Formula One to create a virtual club where fans can go behind the scenes and take part in virtual activities through Zoom, beginning with the Hungarian Grand Prix.NEWS, Impey, Steven, F1 calls on Zoom to deliver virtual race-day fan experience,weblink 30 July 2020, Sports Pro Media, 16 July 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, NEWS, Hall, Sam, F1 and Zoom partner to create a Virtual Paddock Club,weblink 30 July 2020, GP Fans, 16 July 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, An article published in July 2020 in the San Francisco Chronicle noted a new real estate trend in San Francisco and Oakland where some listings include "Zoom rooms" with backdrops for Zoom calls.NEWS, Chamings, Andrew, The 'Zoom room' boom: A very 2020 real estate trend,weblink 30 July 2020, San Francisco Chronicle, 27 July 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, Richard Nelson's play What Do We Need to Talk About? takes place on Zoom, with its main characters congregating online during the COVID-19 pandemic using the platform. Written and directed by Nelson, it was commissioned by The Public Theater and premiered on YouTube on April 29, 2020, as a benefit performance. The New Yorker called it "the first great original play of quarantine".MAGAZINE, Schwartz, Alexandra, The First Great Original Play of Quarantine,weblink 8 June 2020, The New Yorker, 18 May 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, Oprah's Your Life in Focus: A Vision Forward was a live virtual experience hosted by Oprah Winfrey on Zoom from May 16 through June 6, 2020.NEWS, Oprah Winfrey to Launch Live Virtual Experience on Wellness,weblink 8 June 2020, The Hollywood Reporter, 12 May 2020,weblink June 8, 2020, live, In Source Material's 2020 play, In These Uncertain Times, directed by Samantha Shay, characters communicate on Zoom.NEWS, Phillips, Maya, 'In These Uncertain Times' Review: Love, Loss and Zoom,weblink 30 July 2020, The New York Times, 26 July 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, The British found-footage horror film Host, directed by Rob Savage, features a group of young people attempting to contact spirits through a remote sÃ©ance on Zoom, and premiered on Shudder in July 2020.NEWS, Iqbal, Nosheen, House of horror: Host, the Zoom-call hit movie that has Hollywood quaking,weblink 20 August 2020, The Guardian, 16 August 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, MAGAZINE, Collis, Clark, 'Our pitch was, it's going to be scary': The making of lockdown horror movie Host,weblink 20 August 2020, Entertainment Weekly, 17 August 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, A live reading of Kristoffer Diaz's 2009 play The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity over Zoom streamed on Play-PerView from August 15t to August 20, 2020.NEWS, Phillips, Maya, From a Wrestling Ring to Tiny Boxes: How 'Chad Deity' Went Zoom,weblink 20 August 2020, The New York Times, 17 August 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, NEWS, Meyer, Dan, Pulitzer Prize Finalist The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity Gets Virtual Reading August 15,weblink 20 August 2020, Playbill, 15 August 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, In the 2021 film Locked Down, directed by Doug Liman and starring Anne Hathaway and Chiwetel Ejiofor, characters communicate through Zoom conferences.NEWS, Morgenstern, Joe, 'Locked Down' Review: A Covid-Era Heist,weblink 22 January 2021, The Wall Street Journal, 14 January 2021, From July 3 to 4, 2020, the International Association of Constitutional Law and Alma Mater Europaea used Zoom Webinar to conduct the first "round-the-clock and round-the-globe" event, featuring 52 speakers from 28 countries and several time zones.WEB, Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard Professors at the Alma Mater Europaea Symposium,weblink 2020-10-27, www.sloveniatimes.com, November 16, 2020,weblink live, WEB, Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard Professors at the Alma Mater Europaea symposium,weblink 2020-10-27, en.almamater.si, en, November 16, 2020,weblink live, Soon after, a format of conferences that "virtually travel the globe with the sun from East to West",WEB, RSA Global Webinar Series,weblink live,weblink November 16, 2020, became common, some of them running for several days.WEB, Richard Albert--Global Summit,weblink 2020-10-28, Menu, en, November 16, 2020,weblink live, WEB,weblink Conference Details, www.economicscience.org, WEB, The 2020 Around-the-Clock Around-the-Globe Magnetics Conference,weblink 2021-04-12, ieeemagnetics.org, April 13, 2022,weblink dead, JOURNAL, Parncutt, Richard, Meyer-Kahlen, Nils, Sattmann, Sabrina, 2019-12-20, Iles, Alastair, Live-streaming at international academic conferences: Technical and organizational options for single- and multiple-location formats, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 7, 54, 54, 10.1525/elementa.392, 2019EleSA...7...54P, 2325-1026, free, On September 17, 2020, a live table read of the script for the 1982 film Fast Times at Ridgemont High was hosted by Dane Cook, with performers including Brad Pitt, Jennifer Aniston, Julia Roberts, original cast member Sean Penn, Matthew McConaughey, Shia LaBeouf, Morgan Freeman (who served as the narrator), Jimmy Kimmel, Ray Liotta, and John Legend, to raise money for the charity CORE.NEWS, Bramesco, Charles, Pitt! Aniston! Roberts! Freeman! Was this the starriest Zoom ever?,weblink 30 September 2020, The Guardian, 18 September 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, NEWS, Nolan, Emma, Where to Watch Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston 'Fast Times At Ridgemont High' Table Read,weblink 30 September 2020, Newsweek, 18 September 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, The broadcast of the 72nd Primetime Emmy Awards on September 20, 2020, hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, featured nominees participating through Zoom.MAGAZINE, Shaffer, Claire, Emmys 2020: Jimmy Kimmel Opens With a Zoom Room of Nominees,weblink 30 September 2020, Rolling Stone, 20 September 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, On an alternate music video for the 2020 single "Ice Cream" by Blackpink featuring Selena Gomez, the artists appeared via Zoom from their homes.MAGAZINE, Kaufman, Gil, Selena Gomez & Blackpink Zoom in From Home For 'Ice Cream' Lyric Video,weblink 30 September 2020, Billboard, 22 September 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, The series Zoom Where It Happens, airing on Zoom as a partnership between Zoom and Black female artists, launched in September 2020 with a virtual table read of an episode of The Golden Girls, reimagined with an all-Black cast. The second episode featured an all-Black cast in a table read of an episode of Friends, hosted by Gabrielle Union and featuring Sterling K. Brown and Uzo Aduba.NEWS, Saad, Nardine, Sterling K. Brown and Uzo Aduba flip the 'Friends' script with an all-Black cast,weblink 30 September 2020, Los Angeles Times, 22 September 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, NEWS, Garrity, Amanda, How to Watch and Stream the 'Friends' Remake With Sterling K. Brown and Ryan Michelle Bathe,weblink 30 September 2020, Good Housekeeping, 22 September 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, Familiarity with Zoom meetings in nation-state diplomatic and bureaucratic circles, partially due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, substantially contributed to the efficacy of the Western response to the 2022 Russian invasion of UkraineWEB,weblink 'Something Was Badly Wrong': When Washington Realized Russia Was Actually Invading Ukraine, Politico, February 24, 2023,

Reception

Zoom has been criticized for "security lapses and poor design choices" that have resulted in heightened scrutiny of its software.NEWS,weblink Zoom under increased scrutiny as popularity soars, BBC News, April 1, 2020, April 1, 2020,weblink April 1, 2020, live, WEB, Lopez, Napier, Zoom's 5.0 update helps stop zoombombing and improves encryption, The Next Web, 2020-04-22,weblink 2020-04-29,weblink May 8, 2020, live, Many of Zoom's issues "surround deliberate features designed to reduce friction in meetings", which Citizen Lab found to "also, by design, reduce privacy or security".WEB, Donnell, Two Zoom Zero-Day Flaws Uncovered, Threatpost, 2020-04-01,weblink 2020-04-29,weblink April 21, 2020, live, In March 2020, New York State Attorney General Letitia James launched an inquiry into Zoom's privacy and security practices.NEWS, Danny, Hakim, Natasha, Singer, New York Attorney General Looks Into Zoom's Privacy Practices,weblink The New York Times, March 30, 2020, 0362-4331, subscription, March 31, 2020,weblink April 2, 2020, live, The inquiry was closed on May 7, 2020, with Zoom not admitting wrongdoing, but agreeing to take added security measures.NEWS, Feiner, Lauren, Zoom strikes a deal with NY AG office, closing the inquiry into its security problems,weblink 4 June 2020, CNBC, 8 May 2020,weblink May 15, 2020, live, In April 2020, CEO Yuan apologized for the security issues, stating that some of the issues were a result of Zoom's having been designed for "large institutions with full IT support".NEWS,weblink Zoom CEO apologizes for having 'fallen short' on privacy and security, Iyengar, Rishi, CNN, April 2, 2020, April 3, 2020,weblink April 8, 2020, live, He noted that in December 2019, Zoom had a maximum of 10 million daily meeting participants, and in March 2020 the software had more than 200 million daily meeting participants, bringing the company increased challenges.NEWS, Warren, Tom, Zoom announces 90-day feature freeze to fix privacy and security issues,weblink 26 May 2020, The Verge, 2 April 2020,weblink May 11, 2020, live, Zoom agreed to focus on data privacy and issue a transparency report.NEWS, Alex, Hern, Zoom says engineers will focus on security and safety issues,weblink The Guardian, April 2, 2020, 0261-3077, April 5, 2020,weblink April 9, 2020, live, WEB, Zoom Security: The Good, the Bad, and the Business Model,weblink Steven M. Bellovin, Steven M., Bellovin, Columbia University, April 2, 2020, April 5, 2020,weblink April 6, 2020, live, NEWS, Kari, Paul, 'Zoom is malware': why experts worry about the video conferencing platform,weblink The Guardian, April 2, 2020, 0261-3077, April 5, 2020,weblink April 10, 2020, live, NEWS, Is Zoom safe and can it be hacked?,weblink The Independent, April 2, 2020, April 5, 2020,weblink April 8, 2020, live, In April 2020, the company released Zoom version 5.0, which addressed a number of the security and privacy concerns. It includes passwords by default, improved encryption, and a new security icon for meetings.NEWS, Warren, Tom, Zoom releases 5.0 update with security and privacy improvements,weblink 8 May 2020, The Verge, 22 April 2020,weblink April 22, 2020, live, In September 2020, Zoom added support for two-factor authentication to its desktop and mobile apps; the security feature was previously Web-only.NEWS, Porter, Jon, Zoom's mobile and desktop apps now support two-factor authentication,weblink 29 September 2020, The Verge, 11 September 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, As of April 2020, businesses, schools, and government entities who have restricted or prohibited the use of Zoom on their networks include Google,WEB,weblink Google bans its employees from using Zoom over security concerns, April 8, 2020, May 13, 2020,weblink May 15, 2020, live, Siemens,NEWS, Jitendra Soni, More top companies ban Zoom following security fears,weblink 22 April 2020, Techradar, 15 April 2020, en, Among the latest organisations to block the use of Zoom are German industrial giant Siemens, which sent out an internal circular urging its employees to not use the tool for video conferencing, with Standard Chartered Bank also issuing a similar note to its staff.,weblink April 21, 2020, live, the Australian Defence Force, the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs, SpaceX, and the New York City Department of Education.NEWS,weblink Who has banned Zoom? Google, NASA, and more, Brandon, Vigliarolo, techPresident, April 9, 2020, April 14, 2020,weblink April 13, 2020, live, WEB,weblink MHA issues Advisory on Secure use of ZOOM Meeting Platform, pib.gov.in, 2020-04-16, In May 2020, the New York City Department of Education lifted their ban on Zoom after the company addressed security and privacy concerns.NEWS, Zaveri, Paayal, The NYC Department of Education is reversing its ban on Zoom after the company addresses its security and privacy concerns,weblink 15 June 2020, Business Insider, 6 May 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, By September 2020, Zoom had 370,200 institutional customers with more than 10 employees, up about 458 percent from the same quarter to the year before. The company's revenue rose 355 percent to $663.5 million, topping analysts' average estimate of $500.5 million. They were able to raise their annual revenue forecast by more than 30 percent after many of their free users converted to paid subscriptions.WEB, Zoom sales surge as free users convert to paid,weblink 2020-09-03, ARN, September 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, During the pandemic, Zoom's profit increased by 4,000%, and the company did not pay any income tax, according to a report by the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy.WEB, 2021-03-22, Zoom increased profits by 4000 per cent during pandemic but paid no income tax, report says,weblink weblink April 24, 2023, live, 2021-03-30, The Independent, en,

Privacy

Zoom has been criticized for its privacy and corporate data sharing policies, as well as for enabling video hosts to potentially violate the privacy of those participating in their calls.NEWS, Zoom Calls Aren't as Private as You May Think. Here's What You Should Know.,weblink Consumer Reports, St. John, Allen, March 24, 2020, March 26, 2020,weblink March 25, 2020, live, NEWS, Zoom's A Lifeline During COVID-19: This Is Why It's Also A Privacy Risk,weblink Kate, O'Flaherty, Forbes, March 25, 2020, collects and stores personal data and shares it with third parties such as advertisers. But Zoom's policy also covers what it labels "customer content" or "the content contained in cloud recordings, and instant messages, files, whiteboards... shared while using the service". This includes videos, transcripts that can be generated automatically, documents shared on screen, and the names of everyone on a call., March 27, 2020,weblink March 26, 2020, live, NEWS, Zoom is a work-from-home privacy disaster waiting to happen,weblink Morse, Jack, Mashable, March 13, 2020, March 26, 2020,weblink March 26, 2020, live, In March 2020, a Motherboard article found that the company's iOS app was sending device analytics data to Facebook on startup, regardless of whether a Facebook account was being used with the service, and without disclosing it to the user.NEWS,weblink Zoom iOS App Sends Data to Facebook Even if You Don't Have a Facebook Account, Cox, Joseph, Vice (magazine), Vice, March 26, 2020, March 27, 2020,weblink April 10, 2020, live, Zoom responded that it had been made aware of the issue and patched the app to remove the SDK after learning that it was collecting unnecessary device data. The company stated that the SDK was only collecting information on the user's device specifications (such as model names and operating system versions) in order to optimize its service and that it was not collecting personal information.NEWS,weblink Zoom Removes Code That Sends Data to Facebook, Cox, Joseph, Vice (magazine), Vice, March 27, 2020, March 28, 2020,weblink April 2, 2020, live, NEWS,weblink Zoom to iPhone users: We're no longer sending your data to Facebook, Liam, Tung, ZDNet, March 30, 2020, April 13, 2020,weblink March 31, 2020, live, In the same month, Zoom was sued by a user in U.S. Federal Court for illegally and secretly disclosing personal data to third parties, including Facebook.NEWS, Rosenblatt, Joel, Zoom Sued for Allegedly Illegally Disclosing Personal Data,weblink Bloomberg News, March 31, 2020, March 31, 2020,weblink April 6, 2020, live, Zoom responded that it "has never sold user data in the past and has no intention of selling users' data going forward".NEWS, Finnegan, Matthew, Zoom hit by investor lawsuit as security, privacy concerns mount,weblink 30 July 2020, Computer World, 9 April 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, In April 2020, a Zoom information gathering feature was found that automatically sent user names and email addresses to LinkedIn, allowing some participants to surreptitiously access LinkedIn profile data about other users without their express consent.NEWS, Aaron, Krolik, Natasha, Singer, A Feature on Zoom Secretly Displayed Data From People's LinkedIn Profiles,weblink The New York Times, April 2, 2020, subscription, as high school students in Colorado signed in to a mandatory video meeting for a class, Zoom readied the full names and email addresses of at least six students â€” and their teacher â€” for possible use by its LinkedIn profile-matching tool, April 3, 2020,weblink April 3, 2020, live, Soon after, the companies disabled their integration.NEWS,weblink Zoom has disabled a feature that was exposing users' LinkedIn profiles, Monica, Chin, The Verge, April 2, 2020, April 13, 2020,weblink April 13, 2020, live, In May 2020, the Federal Trade Commission announced that it was looking into Zoom's privacy practices.NEWS, Bartz, Diane, 2020-05-12, U.S. FTC indicates it is looking at Zoom privacy woes, en-US, Reuters,weblink live, 2020-06-24, November 16, 2020,weblink The FTC alleged in a complaintWEB,weblink Zoom Communications: Complaint, Simons, Joseph J., Phillips, Noah Joshua, Chopra, Rohit, Slaughter, Rebecca Kelly, Wilson, Christine S., ftc.gov, Federal Trade Commission, December 17, 2020, live,weblink December 17, 2020, Zoom did not employ end-to-end encryption... Zoom did not employ 256-bit Encryption... recorded Messages are not stored encrypted in Zoom's cloud storage immediately after a Meeting has ended... Zoom installed the ZoomOpener webserver, without adequate notice or consent, to circumvent a browser privacy and security safeguard... the webserver would remain on users' computers even after they had uninstalled the Zoom App., that since at least 2016, "Zoom maintained the cryptographic keys that could allow Zoom to access the content of its customers' meetings, did not provide advertised end-to-end encryption, falsely claimed HIPAA compliance, installed the ZoomOpener webserver without adequate consent, did not uninstall the web server after uninstalling the Zoom App, and secured its Zoom Meetings with a lower level of encryption than promised."WEB, FTC Requires Zoom to Enhance its Security Practices as Part of Settlement, November 8, 2020,weblink FTC.gov, 11 November 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, On November 9, 2020, a settlement was reached, requiring the company to stop misrepresenting security features, create an information security program, obtain biannual assessments by a third party, and implement additional security measures.WEB,weblink Zoom Communications: Agreement Containing Consent Order, Simons, Joseph J., Phillips, Noah Joshua, Chopra, Rohit, Slaughter, Rebecca Kelly, Wilson, Christine S., ftc.gov, Federal Trade Commission, December 17, 2020, live,weblink November 16, 2020, must not misrepresent in any manner, expressly or by implication, the security features... establish and implement, and thereafter maintain, a comprehensive information security program... The Assessments must be obtained by one or more qualified, objective, independent third-party professionals...,

Security

Vulnerabilities

In November 2018, a security vulnerability was discovered that allowed a remote unauthenticated attacker to spoof UDP messages that allowed the attacker to remove attendees from meetings, spoof messages from users, or hijack shared screens.WEB,weblink CVE-2018-15715, National Vulnerability Database, November 30, 2018, July 9, 2019,weblink July 9, 2019, live, {{CVE|2018-15715}} The company released fixes shortly after the vulnerability was discovered.WEB,weblink Security: CVE-2018-15715, Zoom, May 13, 2020,weblink May 19, 2020, live, In July 2019, security researcher Jonathan Leitschuh disclosed a zero-day vulnerability allowing any website to force a macOS user to join a Zoom call, with their video camera activated, without the user's permission.NEWS,weblink Zoom Zero Day: 4+ Million Webcams & maybe an RCE? Just get them to visit your website!, Leitschuh, Jonathan, Medium (website), Medium, July 9, 2019, July 9, 2019,weblink July 9, 2019, live, Attempts to uninstall the Zoom client on macOS would prompt the software to re-install automatically in the background using a hidden web server that was set up on the machine during the first installation so that it remains active even after attempting to remove the client. After receiving public criticism, Zoom removed the vulnerability and the hidden webserver to allow complete uninstallation.NEWS,weblink Anderson, Tim, Anyone for unintended Chat Roulette? Zoom installs hidden Mac web server to allow auto-join video conferencing, The Register, July 9, 2019, July 9, 2019,weblink July 9, 2019, live, In April 2020, security researchers found vulnerabilities where Windows users' credentials could be exposed.NEWS,weblink Dan, Goodin, Attackers can use Zoom to steal users' Windows credentials with no warning, Ars Technica, April 1, 2020, The vulnerability was first described last week by a researcher who uses the Twitter handle @_g0dmode. He wrote: "#Zoom chat allows you to post links such as x.x.x.xxyz to attempt to capture Net-NTLM hashes if clicked by other users., April 2, 2020,weblink April 1, 2020, live, NEWS,weblink Zoom Lets Attackers Steal Windows Credentials, Run Programs via UNC Links, Lawrence, Abrams, Bleeping Computer, March 31, 2020, April 2, 2020,weblink April 5, 2020, live, Another vulnerability allowing unprompted access to cameras and microphones was made public.MAGAZINE,weblink The Zoom Privacy Backlash Is Only Getting Started, Wired (magazine), Wired, April 1, 2020, April 6, 2020,weblink April 6, 2020, live, {{CVE|2020-11470}} Zoom issued a fix in April 2020.NEWS,weblink Update: Zoom issues fix for UNC vulnerability that lets hackers steal Windows credentials via chat, PC World, May 13, 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, Motherboard reported that there were two Zoom zero-days for macOS and Windows respectively, selling for $500,000, on April 15, 2020.WEB,weblink Hackers Are Selling a Critical Zoom Zero-Day Exploit for $500,000, Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo, 2020-04-15, Vice (magazine), Vice, en, 2020-04-16,weblink April 23, 2020, live, Security bug brokers were selling access to Zoom security flaws that could allow remote access into users' computers. Hackers also put up over 500,000 Zoom user names and passwords for sale on the dark web. In response to the multitude of security and privacy issues found, Zoom began a comprehensive security plan, which included consulting with Luta Security, Trail of Bits, former Facebook CSO Alex Stamos, former Google global lead of privacy technology Lea Kissner, BishopFox, the NCC Group, and Johns Hopkins University cryptographer Matthew D. Green.WEB, Zoom to revamp bug bounty program, bring in more security experts,weblink Cimpanu, Catalin, ZDNet, en, 2020-05-11,weblink April 16, 2020, live, On April 20, 2020, the New York Times reported that Dropbox engineers had traced Zoom's security vulnerabilities back over two years, pushing Zoom to address such issues more quickly, and paying top hackers to find problems with Zoom's software. In the same article, the New York Times noted that security researchers have praised Zoom for improving its response times, and for quickly patching recent bugs and removing features that could have privacy risks. In a blog post on April 1, 2020, CEO Yuan announced a 90-day freeze on releasing new features, to focus on fixing privacy and security issues within the platform.NEWS, McMillan, Robert, Zoom Hires Security Heavyweights to Fix Flaws,weblink 26 May 2020, The Wall Street Journal, 16 April 2020,weblink May 10, 2020, live, On July 1, 2020, at the end of the freeze, the company stated it had released 100 new safety features over the 90-day period. Those efforts include end-to-end encryption for all users, turning on meeting passwords by default, giving users the ability to choose which data centers calls are routed from, consulting with security experts, forming a CISO council, an improved bug bounty program, and working with third parties to help test security. Yuan also stated that Zoom would be sharing a transparency report later in 2020.NEWS, Peters, Jay, Zoom promises its first transparency report later this year,weblink 30 July 2020, The Verge, 1 July 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, NEWS, Cruze, Danny, Zoom released 100 new security features in 90 days,weblink 30 July 2020, Live Mint, 2 July 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, On November 16, 2020, Zoom announced a new security feature to combat disruptions during a session. The new feature was said to be a default for all free and paid users and made available on the Zoom clients for Mac, PC, and Linux, as well as Zoom mobile apps.WEB,weblink Zoom's new security feature will let you stop 'Zoombombers' in their tracks, 16 November 2020, The Verge, November 16, 2020, On August 12, 2022, Wired magazine reported on three separate security vulnerabilities discovered by security researcher Patrick Wardle affecting the Zoom Mac OS desktop app. The vulnerabilities allowed an attacker who already had access to the Mac device to perform a privilege escalation attack by installing malicious code using the app's auto-update feature, thereby giving them full control over the victim's device.MAGAZINE, Newman, Lily Hay, Zoom's Auto-Update Feature Came With Hidden Risks on Mac, en-US, Wired,weblink 2022-08-14, 1059-1028,

Zoombombing

{{further|Zoombombing}}"Zoombombing" is a phenomenon where uninvited participants join a meeting to cause disruption.NEWS, Bond, Shannon, April 3, 2020, A Must For Millions, Zoom Has A Dark Side â€” And An FBI Warning, NPR,weblink live, April 9, 2020,weblink April 8, 2020, NEWS, Hern, Alex, March 27, 2020, Trolls exploit Zoom privacy settings as app gains popularity, The Guardian,weblink live, April 5, 2020,weblink April 8, 2020, 0261-3077, NEWS, Lorenz, Taylor, March 20, 2020, 'Zoombombing': When Video Conferences Go Wrong, The New York Times,weblink live, May 13, 2020,weblink March 27, 2020, In July 2019, security researcher Sam Jadali uncovered the DataSpii leak.WEB, Goodin, Dan, 2019-07-18, My browser, the spy: How extensions slurped up browsing histories from 4M users,weblink 2024-02-19, Ars Technica, en-us, NEWS, Fowler, Geoffrey A., 2019-07-19, Perspective {{!, I found your data. It's for sale. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/07/18/i-found-your-data-its-sale/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}} This catastrophic leak was facilitated by a marketing intelligence company known as Nacho Analytics (NA), which provided its members access to the URLs of real-time Zoom meetings of firms such as Oracle, Dell, Walmart, Uber, UCLA and Capital One.WEB, DataSpii Impacted Companies,weblink 2024-02-19, Security with Sam, en-US, WEB, Jadali, Sam, 2019-07-18, DataSpii - A global catastrophic data leak via browser extensions,weblink 2024-02-19, Security with Sam, en-US, NA's dissemination of meeting URLs enabled its members to Zoombomb these meetings. In April 2020, Zoom increased its default security settings to mitigate Zoombombing. The company also created a new "report a user to Zoom" button, intended to catch those behind Zoombombing attacks.NEWS, Kan, Michael, 20 April 2020, Got a Zoom-Bombing Problem? Zoom Will Soon Let You Report Attacks in Real Time, PC Magazine,weblink live, 26 May 2020,weblink May 5, 2020,

Encryption practices

Zoom encrypts its public data streams, using TLS 1.2 with AES-256 (Advanced Encryption Standard) to protect signaling, and AES-128 to protect streaming media.WEB,weblink Encryption for Meetings, Zoom Video Communications, April 7, 2020,weblink April 8, 2020, live, Security researchers and reporters have criticized the company for its lack of transparency and poor encryption practices. Zoom initially claimed to use "end-to-end encryption" in its marketing materials,WEB,weblink Advanced Encryption for Chat, Zoom Video Communications, April 7, 2020,weblink April 7, 2020, live, but later clarified it meant "from Zoom end point to Zoom end point" (meaning effectively between Zoom servers and Zoom clients), which The Intercept described as misleading and "dishonest".WEB,weblink Zoom Meetings Aren't End-to-End Encrypted, Despite Misleading Marketing, Lee, Micah, Grauer, Yael, The Intercept, March 31, 2020, Currently, it is not possible to enable E2E encryption for Zoom video meetings. (...) When we use the phrase â€˜End to Endâ€™ in our other literature, it is in reference to the connection being encrypted from Zoom end point to Zoom end point., March 31, 2020,weblink April 2, 2020, live, Alex Stamos, a Zoom advisor who was formerly security chief at Facebook, noted that a lack of end-to-end encryption is common in such products, as it is also true of Google Hangouts, Microsoft Teams, and Cisco Webex.NEWS, Stankiewicz, Kevin, Ex-Facebook security chief, now Zoom advisor, says he still trusts Zoom for his video meetings,weblink 8 May 2020, CNBC, 17 April 2020,weblink April 22, 2020, live, On May 7, 2020, Zoom announced that it had acquired Keybase, a company specializing in end-to-end encryption, as part of an effort to strengthen its security practices moving forward.MAGAZINE, Barrett, Brian, Security News This Week: Zoom Security Gets a Boost With Keybase Acquisition,weblink 13 May 2020, Wired, 9 May 2020,weblink May 17, 2020, live, WEB, Zoom acquires Keybase to get end-to-end encryption expertise,weblink TechCrunch, May 7, 2020, en-US, 2020-05-07,weblink May 15, 2020, live, Later that month, Zoom published a document for peer review, detailing its plans to ultimately bring end-to-end encryption to the software.NEWS, Whitney, Lance, How Zoom plans to better secure meetings with end-to-end encryption,weblink 26 May 2020, Tech Republic, 26 May 2020,weblink May 27, 2020, live, In April 2020, Citizen Lab researchers discovered that a single, server-generated AES-128 key is being shared between all participants in ECB mode, which is deprecated due to its pattern-preserving characteristics of the ciphertext.{{CVE|2020-11500}} During test calls between participants in Canada and United States, the key was provisioned from servers located in mainland China where they are subject to the China Internet Security Law.NEWS,weblink Move Fast & Roll Your Own Crypto: A Quick Look at the Confidentiality of Zoom Meetings, Bill, Marczak, John, Scott-Railton, Citizen Lab, April 3, 2020, April 4, 2020,weblink April 12, 2020, live, On June 3, 2020, Zoom announced that users on their free tier will not have access to end-to-end encryption so that they could cooperate with the FBI and law enforcement.WEB, Robertson, Adi, 2020-06-03, Zoom says free users won't get end-to-end encryption so FBI and police can access calls,weblink 2020-06-05, The Verge, en,weblink June 11, 2020, live, Later, they said that they do not "proactively monitor meeting content".WEB, 2020-06-04, Zoom to exclude free calls from end-to-end encryption to allow FBI cooperation,weblink 2020-06-05, The Guardian, en,weblink June 11, 2020, live, On June 17, 2020, the company reversed course and announced that free users would have access to end-to-end encryption after all.NEWS, Statt, Nick, Zoom says free users will get end-to-end encryption after all,weblink 30 July 2020, The Verge, 17 June 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, On September 7, 2020, cryptography researcher Nadim Kobeissi accused Zoom's security team of failing to credit his open-source protocol analysis research software, Verifpal, with being instrumental during the design phase of Zoom's new encryption protocol, as described in their whitepaper published in June 2020.WEB, Zoom encryption whitepaper, GitHub,weblink 17 June 2020, September 8, 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, Kobeissi published a week's worth of conversations with Zoom's security leadership in support of his claim, including Max Krohn, which included eight Verifpal models that Zoom's team asked for feedback on, promises of a citation to credit Kobeissi for his contributions and an admission that the Verifpal citation was pulled from the whitepaper at the last moment for unspecified reasons. Kobeissi also linked to a tweet by Zoom security consultant Lea Kissner which he described as a public character assassination attempt issued in response to his repeated requests to have his work cited in the research paper published by Zoom.WEB, Fear and Loathing in Protocol Analysis,weblink 7 September 2020, September 8, 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live,

Data routing

Zoom admitted that some calls in early April 2020 and prior were mistakenly routed through servers in mainland China, prompting some governments and businesses to cease their usage of Zoom.NEWS, Zoom admits some calls were routed through China by mistake,weblink Zack, Whittaker, TechCrunch, April 4, 2020, April 5, 2020,weblink April 9, 2020, live, The company later announced that data of free users outside of China would "never be routed through China" and that paid subscribers will be able to customize which data center regions they want to use. The company has data centers in Europe, Asia, North America, and Latin America.NEWS,weblink This New Zoom Control Allows You To Stop Chats Being Routed Through China, May 13, 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live, NEWS,weblink Zoom adds Choose Your Own Routing Adventure to keep chats out of China, May 13, 2020, November 16, 2020,weblink live,

Regulatory issues

In August 2021, the Data Protection regulatory body in Hamburg, Germany, ruled that Zoom was operating in the European Union in breach of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This is due to the fact that, as per the Schrems II ruling, data that is being transferred out of the EU must be given the same protections that provided by the GDPR. The data gathered by Zoom was being sent to the United States.WEB, Karabus, Jude, Zoom incompatible with GDPR, claims data protection watchdog for the German city of Hamburg,weblink 2021-08-18, www.theregister.com, en,

References

External links

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Zoom (software)

History

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Privacy

Security

Vulnerabilities

Zoombombing

Encryption practices

Data routing

Regulatory issues

See also

References

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