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{{Short description|Province of Afghanistan}}{{redirect|Ghor|the video game character|Metroid Prime 3: Corruption}}{{redirect|Ghur|the village in Iran|Ur, Iran}}

factoids

| native_name_lang = faProvinces of Afghanistan>Province| image_skyline = {{multiple image| border = infobox| perrow = 1/2/2/2/2| total_width = 250| image1 = Jam Qasr Zarafshan.jpg| image2 = Color Play II (4272512818).jpg| image3 = Ghor Valley (4324694935).jpg| footer = From the top, Minaret of Jam, Chaghar Sadeh District, Ghor Valley}}.| image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Ghor in Afghanistan.svg| map_alt = | map_caption = Map of Afghanistan with Ghor highlighted| pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = 34type:adm1st_region:AF|display=inline,title}}| coor_pinpoint = Capital| coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = CountryAfghanistan}}| established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = Capital| seat = Chaghcharan| government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = GovernorAhmad Shah Din DostHTTPS://WATAN24.COM/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%8C-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AA/DATE=2 NOVEMBER 2021, | leader_title1 = Deputy Governor NEWSPAPER=RADIOFREEEUROPE/RADIOLIBERTY, | leader_title2 = Police ChiefAUTHOR-LINK=ZABIHULLAH MUJAHID NUMBER=1619602013117100032 LANGUAGE=PS TRANS-TITLE=ON THE BASIS OF THE ORDER OF HIS HIGHNESS AMIRUL MOMINEEN HUFZALLAH, THE FOLLOWING APPOINTMENTS WERE MADE, 1 October 2023, | unit_pref = Metric| area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 36657.42| area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = DATE=APRIL 2021 PUBLISHER=NATIONAL STATISTIC AND INFORMATION AUTHORITY (NSIA), June 29, 2021, | population_total = 777,882| population_as_of = 2021| population_density_km2 = auto| population_demonym = | population_note = Languages of Afghanistan>Main languages| blank_info_sec1 = Dari, Pashto| timezone1 = UTC+4:30| utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = Postal code| postal_code = 32XX| area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = AF-GHO| website = | footnotes = | official_name = }}Ghōr also spelled Ghowr or Ghur () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is located in the western Hindu Kush in central Afghanistan, towards the northwest. The province contains eleven districts, encompassing hundreds of villages, and approximately 764,472 settled people. Firuzkoh (known as “Chaghcharan” until 2014) is the capital of the province.

Etymology

The ancient Indo-European, Sogdian gor-/gur- ("mountain"-) is well preserved in all Slavic gor-/gór- (goor-/gur-), e.g.: Gorals, Goran, Goranci, Góra, Gora..., in Iranian languages, e.g.: Gorani language, Guran (Kurdish tribe). The Polish notation using gór- ("ó" stands for a sound between English "oo" and "u") instead of the popular gur- or ghur- preserves the ancient orthography.{{clarify|date=May 2023}}

History

{{History of Afghanistan}}{{Further|History of Afghanistan}}The inhabitants of Ghor were completely Islamized during the Ghurids era. Before the 12th century, the area was home to Buddhists, Zoroastrians, Hindus and a small number of Jews. Remains of the oldest settlements discovered by Lithuanian archaeologists in 2007 and 2008 in Ghor date back to 5000 BC.Province hides monuments some of which date back to 5000 BC{{Dead link|date=December 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Quqnoos.com, 22 May 2008 Ruins of a few castles and other defense fortifications were also discovered in the environs of Chaghcharan. A Buddhist monastery hand-carved on the bluff of the river Harirud existed in the first centuries during the prevalence of Buddhism. The artificial caves revealed testimony of the daily life of the Buddhist monks.Lithuanian archeologists make discovery in Afghanistan, The Baltic Times, May 22, 2008; Archaeologists make new discoveries about ancient Afghan cultures, Top News, May 23, 2008.Various scholars and historians such as John McLeod attribute the conversion of the Ghauri's to Islam to Mahmud Ghazni after his conquest of Ghor.The history of India By John McLeod Published by Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002 Page 34Traditional Muslim historians such as Estakhri and Ibn Haukal attest to the existence of the non-Islamic enclave of Ghor before the time of Ghazni, which is attributed to converting its population to Islam.Minhaju-S-Siraj recorded strife between the non-Muslim and Muslim populations:According to Minhahu-S Siraj, Amir Suri was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son, and taken to Ghazni, where Amir Suri died.The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2, page 286, {{ISBN|978-81-206-1586-1}}}}File:Minaret of jam 2009 ghor.jpg|thumb|The Minaret of Jam built by the Ghurid dynastyGhurid dynastyIn 1011, 1015 and 1020, both Mahmud and Mas'ud I led expeditions into Ghur and established Islam in place of indigenous paganism. After this, Ghur was considered a vassal state of the Ghaznavid empire.C.E. Bosworth, The Later Ghaznavids, (Columbia University Press, 1977), 68. During the reign of 'Abd ar Rashi and the usurper Toghrul, Ghur and Gharchistan gained autonomy.C.E. Bosworth, The Later Ghaznavids, 69.Ghor was also the center of the Ghurid dynasty in the 12th and 13th centuries. The remains of their capital Firozkoh, which was sacked and destroyed by the Mongols in 1222, includes the Minaret of Jam, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Karzai and Ghani administrations

{{Further|Presidency of Hamid Karzai}}In June 2004, hundreds of troops of Abdul Salaam Khan, who had rejected the Afghan government's plan to disarm regional militias, attacked Chaghcharan and took over the city in an afternoon-long siege. Eighteen people were killed or wounded in the fighting, at which point Governor Mohammed Ibrahim fled. Three days later the Afghan government announced that it would not retake Chaghcharan. Khan and Ibrahim began negotiations soon after but reached no agreement. Khan's troops left Chaghcharan on 23 June, a day ahead of when an Afghan National Army battalion, led by Lieutenant-General Aminullah Paktiyanai, arrived with the support of about twenty U.S. soldiers.

Taliban administration (2021-present)

In 2021, the Taliban regained control of Ghor after the 2021 Taliban offensive.

Transportation

{{Further|Transport in Afghanistan}}As of September 2014, Chaghcharan Airport, located at the provincial capital of Chaghcharan, had regularly scheduled flights to the provinces of Kabul and Herat.As of 2013, roads in the province remained largely undeveloped, unpaved and often lacked bridges over rivers.NATO Channel, Discover Afghanistan - The Minaret of Jam, August 2013,weblink

Economy

{{Further|Economy of Afghanistan}}Agriculture and animal husbandry are the primary economic activities in Ghor Province. According to the United Nations, many young men were forced to leave the province to find work in Herat or Iran and a small percentage of the population were teachers, government officials, carpet weavers, carpenters and tailors. Over half of the population could not cover their basic needs with their level of income.WEB,weblink District Profile, UNHCR,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20051027182357weblink">weblink 2005-10-27, Opium production had returned to the region following the Taliban's departure as locals attempted to increase their incomes by farming a more economically lucrative crop.

Healthcare

{{Further|Health in Afghanistan}}The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 14% in 2005 to 9% in 2011.Archive, Civil Military Fusion Centre, weblink {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104956weblink |date=2014-05-31 }}The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant fell from 9% in 2005 to 3% in 2011.

Education

{{Further|Education in Afghanistan}}The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) increased from 19% in 2005 to 25% in 2011. The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 28% in 2005 to 47% in 2011.Ghor University that first established as Ghor Higher Education Institute and then promoted to Ghor University has around 500 students with a significant number of girls. There are also some Teacher Training Institutes in the Firuzkoh, Taywara and Lal districts. The number of high schools increased in last the 10 years and attendance in university entrance exams (Kankor) jumped from hundreds to thousands of students. Several agriculture and mechanical schools were also established. There is only one nursing school that trains young female high school graduates for midwifery and nursing that is part of the Ministry of Public Health and run by an NGO in association with Ghor provincial hospital.

Demographics

{{Further|Demographics of Afghanistan}}As of 2020, the total population of Ghor province is about 764,472.WEB,weblink Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2020-21, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, National Statistics and Information Authority, 6 June 2021, WEB,weblink Welcome - Naval Postgraduate School, www.NPS.edu, 1 December 2017, WEB,weblink Welcome - Naval Postgraduate School, www.NPS.edu, 1 December 2017,

Geography

{{Further|Geography of Afghanistan}}(File:Ghor Province under a deep winter (08).jpg|thumb|Ghor province under a deep winter in 2012.)Ghor occupies the end of the Hindu Kush mountains. Ghor is 2,500 meters above sea level and heavy snowfalls often block many of its rugged passes from November to April. It is also a drought-prone area in the summer.

Districts{| class"wikitable sortable"

weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20011004003308weblink">weblink dead, 4 October 2001, 4 October 2001, 1 December 2017, !District!Capital!Population!Area!Pop.densityChaghcharan District>Chaghcharan 132,537 6,870 19 Charsada, Afghanistan>Charsada 30,956 1,485 21 Dawlat Yar District>Dawlat Yar 47,442 1,686 22 Du Layna District>Du Layna 35,100 3,246 13 Lal wa Sarjangal District>Lal wa Sarjangal 336,500 3,634 35 Marghab District>Marghab 40,000 2,930 7 Pasaband District>Pasaband 92,900 5,073 21 Saghar District>Saghar 33,700 2,404 16 Shahrak District>Shahrak 58,200 4,600 15 Taywara District>Taywara Qala-e-ghore 88,900 4,030 26 Tulak District>Tulak 58,192 2,908 20 bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|Ghor||954,989|36,657|26{{reflist|group=note}}

Sports

{{Further|Sport in Afghanistan}}Football, volleyball, basketball, tennis, taekwondo and karate are all official sports of the province. In July 2010, the Ghor Province cricket team was founded and represent the province in domestic tournaments.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="archive.today/20120716151325weblink">weblink dead, 16 July 2012, Ghor cricket team founded, AfgCric.com, 1 December 2017,

See also

• Mandesh
• Hazarajat
• Provinces of Afghanistan

References

{{reflist|30em}}

Further reading

• The Places in Between by Rory Stewart, 2005, Picador Publishers, {{ISBN|0330486349}}

External links

• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121220150218weblink">World Food Programme, Ghor Provincial Profile (accessed 11 February 2013)

{{Geographic location|Centre = Ghor Province|North = Faryab Province|Northeast = Sar-e Pol Province|East = Bamyan Province|Southeast = Daykundi Province|South = Helmand Province|Southwest = Farah Province|West = Herat Province|Northwest = Badghis Province}}{{Provinces of Afghanistan}}{{Ghor Province}}{{Authority control}}