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Blu-ray
please note:
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{{Short description|Digital optical disc format}}{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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History
File:Blu-ray disc (BD-RE).JPG|thumb|A blank rewritable Blu-ray Disc (BD-RE)]]File:schouhamerimmink.jpg|thumb|left|Kees Schouhamer Immink received a personal Emmy award for his pioneering contributions to the DVDDVDEarly history
The information density of the DVD format was limited by the wavelength of the laser diodes used. Following protracted development, blue laser diodes operating at 405 nanometers became available on a production basis, allowing for development of a denser storage format that could hold higher-definition media, with prototype discs made with diodes at a slightly longer wavelength of 407 nanometers in October 1998.WEB,www.nikkeibp.asiabiztech.com/Database/98_Oct/29/New.03.gwif.html, Sony Unveils Prototype 20GB Rewritable Optical Disk, October 29, 1998, The Nikkei, Nikkei Business Daily,www.nikkeibp.asiabiztech.com/Database/98_Oct/29/New.03.gwif.html," title="web.archive.org/web/19991113134100www.nikkeibp.asiabiztech.com/Database/98_Oct/29/New.03.gwif.html,">web.archive.org/web/19991113134100www.nikkeibp.asiabiztech.com/Database/98_Oct/29/New.03.gwif.html, November 13, 1999, dead, October 30, 2019, Sony commenced two projects in collaboration with Panasonic, Philips, and TDK,WEB,inlatest.com/20101102199/bluray-emmy/,inlatest.com/20101102199/bluray-emmy," title="web.archive.org/web/20111116205548inlatest.com/20101102199/bluray-emmy,">web.archive.org/web/20111116205548inlatest.com/20101102199/bluray-emmy, dead, “Panasonic, Sony, Philips and TDK Awarded Emmy For Blu-ray Contribution”, November 16, 2011, applying the new diodes: UDO (Ultra Density Optical),WEB,www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press_Archive/200011/00-54E1/, Sony Develops Next Generation Optical Disk Storage System For the Data Server Market, November 1, 2000, Sony, June 15, 2011,www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press_Archive/200011/00-54E1/," title="web.archive.org/web/20110702092709www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press_Archive/200011/00-54E1/,">web.archive.org/web/20110702092709www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press_Archive/200011/00-54E1/, July 2, 2011, live, and DVR Blue (together with Pioneer),WEB,www.pcworld.com/article/31062/new_highcapacity_dvd_to_hold_225gb.html,www.pcworld.com/article/31062/new_highcapacity_dvd_to_hold_225gb.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20100601063200www.pcworld.com/article/31062/new_highcapacity_dvd_to_hold_225gb.html,">web.archive.org/web/20100601063200www.pcworld.com/article/31062/new_highcapacity_dvd_to_hold_225gb.html, June 1, 2010, New High-Capacity DVD to Hold 22.5GB, October 5, 2000, Williams, Martyn, PCWorld (magazine), PCWorld, June 15, 2011, a format of rewritable discs that would eventually become Blu-ray Disc (more specifically, BD-RE). The core technologies of the formats are similar. The first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled by Sony at the CEATEC exhibition in October 2000.WEB,www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=4922, Sony Shows ‘DVR-Blue’ Prototype, October 17, 2007, October 11, 2000, CD R Info,www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=4922," title="web.archive.org/web/20070926232228www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=4922,">web.archive.org/web/20070926232228www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=4922, September 26, 2007, live, A trademark for the “Blue Disc” logo was filed on February 9, 2001.WEB,www.trademarkia.com/blue-disc-b-76207670.html, Blue Disc B — Trademark by Blu-ray Disc Association Universal City, CA — Serial Number: 76207670, September 19, 2010, Trademarkia,www.trademarkia.com/blue-disc-b-76207670.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20110717083125www.trademarkia.com/blue-disc-b-76207670.html,">web.archive.org/web/20110717083125www.trademarkia.com/blue-disc-b-76207670.html, July 17, 2011, live, On February 19, 2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray Disc,WEB, Barry, Fox,www.newscientist.com/article/dn1952.html, Replacement for DVD unveiled, October 17, 2007, February 19, 2002, New Scientist,www.newscientist.com/article/dn1952.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20070815201040www.newscientist.com/article/dn1952.html,">web.archive.org/web/20070815201040www.newscientist.com/article/dn1952.html, August 15, 2007, live, WEB, May 20, 2002,www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press_Archive/200205/02-0520E/, Disclosure of Specifications for Large Capacity Optical Disc Recording Format Utilizing Blue-Violet Laser “Blu-ray Disc” Begins, March 16, 2009, Sony,www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press_Archive/200205/02-0520E/," title="web.archive.org/web/20090603135543www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press_Archive/200205/02-0520E/,">web.archive.org/web/20090603135543www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press_Archive/200205/02-0520E/, June 3, 2009, live, and Blu-ray Disc Founders was founded by the nine initial members.The first consumer device arrived in stores on April 10, 2003: the Sony BDZ-S77, a US$3,800 BD-RE recorder that was made available only in Japan.WEB, Maxim, Liadov,www.pricenfees.com/digit-life-archives/sony-bdz-s77-recorder-review, Sony BDZ-S77 Recorder Review, October 19, 2007, Pricenfees,web.archive.org/web/20170202062709/https://www.pricenfees.com/digit-life-archives/sony-bdz-s77-recorder-review, February 2, 2017, live, However, there was no standard for pre-recorded video, and no movies were released for this player. Hollywood studios insisted that players be equipped with digital rights management before they would release movies for the new format, and they wanted a new DRM system that would be more secure than the failed Content Scramble System (CSS) used on DVDs. On October 4, 2004, the name Blu-ray Disc Founders was officially changed to the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), and 20th Century Fox joined the BDA’s Board of Directors.WEB, Fox trots towards Blu-ray,www.itworld.com/041004foxbluray, March 16, 2009, October 4, 2002, ITworld,www.itworld.com/041004foxbluray," title="web.archive.org/web/20090602061415www.itworld.com/041004foxbluray,">web.archive.org/web/20090602061415www.itworld.com/041004foxbluray, June 2, 2009, live, The Blu-ray Disc physical specifications were completed in 2004.WEB, Martyn, Williams, August 5, 2004,www.pcworld.com/article/117242/article.html, New Blu-ray Details Emerge, October 17, 2007, PCWorld,www.pcworld.com/article/117242/article.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20150717172217www.pcworld.com/article/117242/article.html,">web.archive.org/web/20150717172217www.pcworld.com/article/117242/article.html, July 17, 2015, live, The recording layer on which the data is stored lies under a 0.1 millimeter protective layer and on top of a 1.1 millimeter substrate made of polycarbonate plastic; Sony also announced in April 2004 a version using paper as the substrate developed with Toppan Printing, with up to 25 GB storage.PRESS RELEASE, TOPPAN and Sony Successfully Develop 25GB Paper Disc, April 15, 2004, Sony,www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/200404/04-0415E/, April 15, 2008, .CONFERENCE, Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting, 2004, Monterey, California, US, September 9, 2004, A 25-GB paper disc based on the blu-ray structure, Yamasaki, Takeshi, Toshiro Kinoshita, Masayuki Taniguchi, Tomomi Yukumoto, B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar, Hiromichi Kobori, 21–27, 5380, Proceedings of SPIE, 10.1117/12.557516, 110365697, In January 2005, TDK announced that it had developed an ultra-hard yet very thin polymer coating (“Durabis“) for Blu-ray Discs; this was a significant technical advance because a far tougher protection was desired in the consumer market to protect bare discs against scratching and damage compared to DVD, while technically Blu-ray Disc required a much thinner layer for the denser and higher-frequency blue laser.WEB,www.physorg.com/news2615.html, Exclusive TDK Durabis Coating Technology Makes Cartridge-Free, Ultra-Durable Blu-ray Discs a Reality, October 18, 2007, January 9, 2005, Phys.Org,www.physorg.com/news2615.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071217100437www.physorg.com/news2615.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071217100437www.physorg.com/news2615.html, December 17, 2007, live, Cartridges, originally used for scratch protection, were no longer necessary and were scrapped. The BD-ROM specifications were finalized in early 2006.WEB, Smith, Tony, Blu-ray Disc developers complete specification,www.theregister.co.uk/2006/01/06/blu-ray_spec_done/, live, January 6, 2006, October 17, 2007, The Register,www.theregister.co.uk/2006/01/06/blu-ray_spec_done/," title="web.archive.org/web/20071103013400www.theregister.co.uk/2006/01/06/blu-ray_spec_done/,">web.archive.org/web/20071103013400www.theregister.co.uk/2006/01/06/blu-ray_spec_done/, November 3, 2007, Advanced Access Content System Licensing Administrator (AACS LA), a consortium founded in 2004,MAGAZINE,www.wired.com/entertainment/music/news/2004/07/64212, Can Odd Alliance Beat Pirates?, October 19, 2007, Katie, Dean, July 15, 2004, Wired,www.wired.com/entertainment/music/news/2004/07/64212," title="web.archive.org/web/20081218001722www.wired.com/entertainment/music/news/2004/07/64212,">web.archive.org/web/20081218001722www.wired.com/entertainment/music/news/2004/07/64212, December 18, 2008, live, had been developing the DRM platform that could be used to securely distribute movies to consumers. However, the final AACS standard was delayed,WEB,www.pcworld.com/article/id,123924-page,1/article.html, Toshiba Hints at HD DVD Delay, October 19, 2007, Martyn, Williams, December 14, 2005, PCWorld,www.pcworld.com/article/id%2C123924-page%2C1/article.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071005171717www.pcworld.com/article/id%2C123924-page%2C1/article.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071005171717www.pcworld.com/article/id%2C123924-page%2C1/article.html, October 5, 2007, live, and then delayed again when an important member of the Blu-ray Disc group voiced concerns.WEB,www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/69559, AACS copy protection for Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD delayed again, October 19, 2007, Craig, Morris, February 14, 2006, Heise, dead,www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/69559," title="web.archive.org/web/20071102222432www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/69559,">web.archive.org/web/20071102222432www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/69559, November 2, 2007, At the request of the initial hardware manufacturers, including Toshiba, Pioneer, and Samsung, an interim standard was published that did not include some features, such as managed copy.WEB,www.pcworld.com/article/id,124961-page,1/article.html, Burning Questions: No Copying From First High-Def Players, October 19, 2007, Melissa J., Perenson, March 21, 2006, PCWorld,www.pcworld.com/article/id,124961-page,1/article.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071009194043www.pcworld.com/article/id,124961-page,1/article.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071009194043www.pcworld.com/article/id,124961-page,1/article.html, October 9, 2007, live,Launch and sales developments
The first BD-ROM players (Samsung BD-P1000) were shipped in mid-June 2006, though HD DVD players beat them to market by a few months.WEB,www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,189960,00.html, Toshiba Starts Selling HD DVD Players in Japan, October 17, 2007, March 31, 2006, foxnews.com,www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,189960,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071106045339www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,189960,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071106045339www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,189960,00.html, November 6, 2007, dead, WEB,www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2704,1977327,00.asp, Samsung Ships the First Blu-ray Player, October 17, 2007, Dan, Costa, June 15, 2006, PCMag.com, {{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} The first Blu-ray Disc titles were released on June 20, 2006: 50 First Dates, The Fifth Element, Hitch, House of Flying Daggers, (Underworld: Evolution), xXx (all from Sony), and MGM’s The Terminator.Sony Rearranges Blu-ray Release Schedule {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607073853bluray.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Sony/Disc_Announcements/Sony_Rearranges_Blu-ray_Release_Schedule/107 |date=June 7, 2010}}. High-Def Digest, June 15, 2006. The earliest releases used MPEG-2 video compression, the same method used on standard DVDs. The first releases using the newer VC-1 and AVC formats were introduced in September 2006.Full Specs in for Warner’s September 26 Lineup; Studio to Go VC-1 for Blu-ray? {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909072308bluray.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Warner/Disc_Announcements/Full_Specs_in_for_Warners_Sept_26_Lineup_Studio_to_Go_VC-1_for_Blu-ray/209 |date=September 9, 2007 }}, BLU-RAY NEWS, High-Def Digest, August 30, 2006. The first movies using 50 GB dual-layer discs were introduced in October 2006.WEB,bluray.highdefdigest.com/click.html, Click: Blu-ray Disc review, September 15, 2007, October 10, 2006, Bracke, Peter M., High-Def Digest,bluray.highdefdigest.com/click.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20070914020236bluray.highdefdigest.com/click.html,">web.archive.org/web/20070914020236bluray.highdefdigest.com/click.html, September 14, 2007, live, The first audio-only albums were released in May 2008.Trondheimsolistene – in folk style {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927155016www.2l.no/pages/album/068.html |date=September 27, 2011 }}, 2L the Nordic sound website May 2008, Trondheim Soloists WikiHTForum {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928044856www.hometheaterforum.com/forum/thread/272252/htf-blu-ray-audio-review-nine-inch-nails-ghosts-i-iv |date=September 28, 2011 }} web review, Ghosts I-IV Deluxe Edition Package (HALO Twenty Six DE) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817054254ghosts.nin.com/main/order_options |date=August 17, 2011 }} NIN order site May 1, 2008 Ghosts I-IV WikiBy June 2008, over 2,500 Blu-ray Disc titles were available in Australia and the United Kingdom, with 3,500 in the United States and Canada.NEWS,www.blu-ray.com/movies/movies.php?show=nowavailable, Now Available, Blu-ray.com, October 22, 2008,www.blu-ray.com/movies/movies.php?show=nowavailable," title="web.archive.org/web/20081018221407www.blu-ray.com/movies/movies.php?show=nowavailable,">web.archive.org/web/20081018221407www.blu-ray.com/movies/movies.php?show=nowavailable, October 18, 2008, live, In Japan, over 3,300 titles had been released as of July 2010.NEWS,www.watch.impress.co.jp/av/docs/bdhdship/, Blu-ray/HD DVD releases in Japan, AV Watch, August 26, 2010, dead,www.watch.impress.co.jp/av/docs/bdhdship/," title="web.archive.org/web/20080828181018www.watch.impress.co.jp/av/docs/bdhdship/,">web.archive.org/web/20080828181018www.watch.impress.co.jp/av/docs/bdhdship/, August 28, 2008,Competition from HD DVD
The DVD Forum, chaired by Toshiba, was split over whether to develop the more expensive blue laser technology. In March 2002 the forum approved a proposal, which was endorsed by Warner Bros. and other motion picture studios. The proposal involved compressing high-definition video onto dual-layer standard DVD-9 discs.WEB,www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20020301S0091, Picture’s fuzzy for DVD, October 19, 2007, Junko, Yoshida, March 1, 2002, EE Times,www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20020301S0091," title="web.archive.org/web/20080828181414www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20020301S0091,">web.archive.org/web/20080828181414www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20020301S0091, August 28, 2008, live, WEB,www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20011212S0060, Forum to weigh Microsoft’s Corona as DVD encoder, October 19, 2007, Junko, Yoshida, December 12, 2001, EE Times,www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20011212S0060," title="web.archive.org/web/20040405161852www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20011212S0060,">web.archive.org/web/20040405161852www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20011212S0060, April 5, 2004, live, In spite of this decision, however, the DVD Forum’s Steering Committee announced in April that it was pursuing its own blue-laser high-definition video solution. In August, Toshiba and NEC announced their competing standard, the Advanced Optical Disc.WEB,www.pcworld.com/article/id,104570-page,1/article.html, Toshiba, NEC Share Details of Blue-Laser Storage, October 18, 2007, August 29, 2002, PCWorld, dead,www.pcworld.com/article/id%2C104570-page%2C1/article.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071106000320www.pcworld.com/article/id%2C104570-page%2C1/article.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071106000320www.pcworld.com/article/id%2C104570-page%2C1/article.html, November 6, 2007, It was finally adopted by the DVD Forum and renamed HD DVD the next year,WEB,www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1044249/dvd-forum-backs-toshiba-nec-format, DVD Forum backs Toshiba-NEC format, October 18, 2007, November 28, 2003, The Inquirer, Incisive Financial Publishing Limited,www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1044249/dvd-forum-backs-toshiba-nec-format," title="web.archive.org/web/20140729231421www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1044249/dvd-forum-backs-toshiba-nec-format,">web.archive.org/web/20140729231421www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1044249/dvd-forum-backs-toshiba-nec-format, July 29, 2014, dead, after being voted down twice by DVD Forum members who were also Blu-ray Disc Association members—a situation that drew preliminary investigations by the U.S. Department of Justice.WEB,www.videobusiness.com/article/CA6458096.html, Opinion: Trust’s worth,www.videobusiness.com/article/CA6458096.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20070804053736www.videobusiness.com/article/CA6458096.html,">web.archive.org/web/20070804053736www.videobusiness.com/article/CA6458096.html, August 4, 2007, July 6, 2007, Sweeting, Paul, HD DVD had a head start in the high-definition video market, as Blu-ray Disc sales were slow to gain market share. The first Blu-ray Disc player was perceived as expensive and buggy, and there were few titles available.WEB,reviews.cnet.com/video-players-and-recorders/samsung-bd-p1000/4505-6463_7-31799185.html#more, Samsung BD-P1000 Review, October 18, 2007, David, Katzmaier, June 30, 2006, CNET,reviews.cnet.com/video-players-and-recorders/samsung-bd-p1000/4505-6463_7-31799185.html#more," title="web.archive.org/web/20071021072645reviews.cnet.com/video-players-and-recorders/samsung-bd-p1000/4505-6463_7-31799185.html#more,">web.archive.org/web/20071021072645reviews.cnet.com/video-players-and-recorders/samsung-bd-p1000/4505-6463_7-31799185.html#more, October 21, 2007, live, The Sony PlayStation 3, which contained a Blu-ray Disc player for primary storage, helped support Blu-ray.NEWS,www.telegraph.co.uk/connected/main.jhtml?xml=/connected/2008/02/23/dlclaud123.xml, Blu-ray Wins — Telegraph, February 23, 2008, The Telegraph (UK), February 23, 2008, London, Claudine, Beaumont, dead,www.telegraph.co.uk/connected/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fconnected%2F2008%2F02%2F23%2Fdlclaud123.xml," title="web.archive.org/web/20080226094151www.telegraph.co.uk/connected/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fconnected%2F2008%2F02%2F23%2Fdlclaud123.xml,">web.archive.org/web/20080226094151www.telegraph.co.uk/connected/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fconnected%2F2008%2F02%2F23%2Fdlclaud123.xml, February 26, 2008, Sony also ran a more thorough and influential marketing campaign for the format.NEWS,news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7252506.stm, How the PS3 led Blu-ray’s triumph, BBC News, Will, Smale, February 19, 2008, February 26, 2008,news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7252506.stm," title="web.archive.org/web/20080225164245news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7252506.stm,">web.archive.org/web/20080225164245news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7252506.stm, February 25, 2008, live, AVCHD camcorders were also introduced in 2006. These recordings can be played back on many Blu-ray Disc players without re-encoding but are not compatible with HD DVD players. By January 2007, Blu-ray Discs had outsold HD DVDs,WEB, Prange, Stephanie,www.homemediamagazine.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=10323, dead, Blu-ray Tips Scales, February 23, 2007, October 18, 2007, Home Media Magazine,www.homemediamagazine.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=10323," title="web.archive.org/web/20071114230056www.homemediamagazine.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=10323,">web.archive.org/web/20071114230056www.homemediamagazine.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=10323, November 14, 2007, and during the first three quarters of 2007, BD outsold HD DVD by about two to one. At CES 2007, Warner proposed Total Hi Def—a hybrid disc containing Blu-ray on one side and HD DVD on the other, but it was never released.On June 28, 2007, 20th Century Fox cited Blu-ray Discs’ adoption of the BD+ anticopying system as key to their decision to support the Blu-ray Disc format.WEB,www.bdplusllc.com/news, BD+ Technologies Launches Content Protection Licensing Program, BD+ Technologies, LLC, June 28, 2007, March 23, 2009,bdplusllc.com/news," title="web.archive.org/web/20090307122915bdplusllc.com/news,">web.archive.org/web/20090307122915bdplusllc.com/news, March 7, 2009, live, MAGAZINE,blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/02/how-crypto-won.html, How Crypto Won the DVD War, Wired, Ryan, Singel, February 26, 2008, February 27, 2008,blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/02/how-crypto-won.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080301215043blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/02/how-crypto-won.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080301215043blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/02/how-crypto-won.html, March 1, 2008, live, On January 4, 2008, a day before CES 2008, Warner Bros., the only major studio still releasing movies in both HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc format, announced that it would release only in Blu-ray after May 2008.WEB, Carnoy, David, Warner goes Blu-ray exclusively, delivering crushing blow to HD DVD,news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-9840585-1.html, CBS Interactive Inc, January 4, 2008,news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-9840585-1.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20081004154257news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-9840585-1.html,">web.archive.org/web/20081004154257news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-9840585-1.html, October 4, 2008, live, This effectively included other studios that came under the Warner umbrella, such as New Line Cinema and HBO—though in Europe, HBO’s distribution partner, the BBC, announced it would continue to release product on both formats while keeping an eye on market forces. This led to a chain reaction in the industry, with major American retailers such as Best Buy, Walmart, and Circuit City and Canadian chains such as Future Shop dropping HD DVD in their stores. Woolworths, then a major European retailer, dropped HD DVD from its inventory.WEB, Bangeman, Eric, Consumers, analysts, retailers give HD DVD the cold shoulder,arstechnica.com/hardware/news/2008/01/consumers-analysts-retailers-give-hd-dvd-the-cold-shoulder.ars, live, Ars Technica, January 29, 2008, October 27, 2010,arstechnica.com/hardware/news/2008/01/consumers-analysts-retailers-give-hd-dvd-the-cold-shoulder.ars," title="web.archive.org/web/20110218090829arstechnica.com/hardware/news/2008/01/consumers-analysts-retailers-give-hd-dvd-the-cold-shoulder.ars,">web.archive.org/web/20110218090829arstechnica.com/hardware/news/2008/01/consumers-analysts-retailers-give-hd-dvd-the-cold-shoulder.ars, February 18, 2011, Major DVD rental companies Netflix and Blockbuster said they would no longer carry HD DVD.Following these new developments, on February 19, 2008, Toshiba announced it would end production of HD DVD devices,NEWS,news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7252172.stm, Toshiba drops out of the HD DVD war, February 19, 2008, BBC News, February 19, 2008,news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7252172.stm," title="web.archive.org/web/20080223090011news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7252172.stm,">web.archive.org/web/20080223090011news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7252172.stm, February 23, 2008, live, allowing Blu-ray Disc to become the industry standard for high-density optical discs. Universal Studios, the sole major studio to back HD DVD since its inception, said shortly after Toshiba’s announcement: “While Universal values the close partnership we have shared with Toshiba, it is time to turn our focus to releasing new and catalog titles on Blu-ray Disc.“NEWS,www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-bluray20feb20,0,5286548.story?page=2, Blu-ray winner by KO in high-definition war, February 22, 2008, Los Angeles Times, February 20, 2008, Dawn C., Chmielewski, Bruce, Wallace,www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-bluray20feb20%2C0%2C5286548.story?page=2," title="web.archive.org/web/20080324113847www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-bluray20feb20%2C0%2C5286548.story?page=2,">web.archive.org/web/20080324113847www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-bluray20feb20%2C0%2C5286548.story?page=2, March 24, 2008, dead, Paramount Pictures, which started releasing movies only in HD DVD format during late 2007, also said it would start releasing on Blu-ray Disc. Both studios announced initial Blu-ray lineups in May 2008. With this, all major Hollywood studios supported Blu-ray.NEWS,www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSN2118265320080221, All Hollywood studios now lined up behind Blu-ray, Reuters (the Hollywood Reporter), February 21, 2008, February 21, 2008,www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSN2118265320080221," title="web.archive.org/web/20080225172909www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSN2118265320080221,">web.archive.org/web/20080225172909www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSN2118265320080221, February 25, 2008, live,Ongoing development
{{update|date=April 2018}}2005–2010
(File:Blu-ray 200GB.png|thumb|Front of an experimental 200 GB rewritable Blu-ray Disc)Although the Blu-ray Disc specification has been finalized, engineers continue to work on advancing the technology. By 2005, quad-layer (100 GB)WEB,www.engadget.com/2005-05-19-tdk-announces-100gb-blu-ray-disc.html, TDK announces 100GB Blu-ray disc, Engadget, September 3, 2020, September 14, 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200914232947/https://www.engadget.com/2005-05-19-tdk-announces-100gb-blu-ray-disc.html, live, discs had been demonstrated on a drive with modified opticsWEB,www.tdk.com/procommon/press/article.asp?site=con&recid=3, TDK Announces 100GB Blue Laser Disc Technology, TDK, September 27, 2007, 2005,www.tdk.com/procommon/press/article.asp?site=con&recid=3," title="web.archive.org/web/20071106052909www.tdk.com/procommon/press/article.asp?site=con&recid=3,">web.archive.org/web/20071106052909www.tdk.com/procommon/press/article.asp?site=con&recid=3, November 6, 2007, and standard unaltered optics.WEB,www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=19493, Hitachi Demos Four-Layer Blu-ray Disc Playback, cdrinfo.xom, September 27, 2007,cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=19493," title="web.archive.org/web/20071011095546cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=19493,">web.archive.org/web/20071011095546cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=19493, October 11, 2007, live, Hitachi stated that such a disc could be used to store 7 hours of 32 Mbit/s video (HDTV) or 3 hours and 30 minutes of 64 Mbit/s video (ultra-high-definition television). In April 2006, TDK canceled plans to produce 8-layer 200 GB Blu-ray Discs.WEB, TDK: Ok, we’re done with the 200GB recordable Blu-Ray,www.engadget.com/2006-04-28-tdk-ok-were-done-with-the-200gb-recordable-blu-ray.html, Engadget, September 3, 2020, April 11, 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200411071754/https://www.engadget.com/2006-04-28-tdk-ok-were-done-with-the-200gb-recordable-blu-ray.html, live, In August 2006, TDK announced that it had created a working experimental Blu-ray Disc capable of holding 200 GB of data on a single side, using six 33 GB data layers.PRESS RELEASE, TDK Announces Blue Laser Disc Technology to Support 200 GB Capacity,www.tdk.com/procommon/press/article.asp?site=con&recid=127, TDK, August 31, 2006, November 27, 2006,www.tdk.com/procommon/press/article.asp?site=con&recid=127," title="web.archive.org/web/20061216235637www.tdk.com/procommon/press/article.asp?site=con&recid=127,">web.archive.org/web/20061216235637www.tdk.com/procommon/press/article.asp?site=con&recid=127, December 16, 2006, dead, In 2007, Hitachi was reported to have plans to produce 200 GB discs by 2009.WEB, Hitachi to produce 200GB Blu-ray disc in 2009,www.engadget.com/2007-05-19-hitachi-to-produce-200gb-blu-ray-disc-in-2009.html, Engadget, September 3, 2020, September 15, 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200915010725/https://www.engadget.com/2007-05-19-hitachi-to-produce-200gb-blu-ray-disc-in-2009.html, live, Behind closed doors at CES 2007, Ritek revealed that it had successfully developed a high-definition optical disc process that extended the disc capacity to ten layers, increasing the capacity of the discs to 250 GB. However, it noted the major obstacle was that current read/write technology did not allow additional layers.WEB,www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=5656, Three HD Layers Today, Ten Tomorrow, April 24, 2007, January 10, 2007, Yam, Marcus, DailyTech,www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=5656," title="web.archive.org/web/20070515105730www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=5656,">web.archive.org/web/20070515105730www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=5656, May 15, 2007, dead, JVC developed a three-layer technology that allows putting both standard-definition DVD data and HD data on a BD/(standard) DVD combination.WEB, Kallender, Paul, JVC Develops Dual Blu-ray-DVD Disc,www.pcworld.com/article/119057/article.html, IDG News Service, December 28, 2004,www.pcworld.com/article/119057/article.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20131203022749www.pcworld.com/article/119057/article.html,">web.archive.org/web/20131203022749www.pcworld.com/article/119057/article.html, December 3, 2013, live, This would have enabled the consumer to purchase a disc that can be played on DVD players and can also reveal its HD version when played on a BD player.WEB,www.jvc-victor.co.jp/english/press/2004/bd-dvd.html, Blu-ray/ DVD Combo ROM Disc Technology, 2006, May 30, 2006,www.jvc-victor.co.jp/english/press/2004/bd-dvd.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20060818093830www.jvc-victor.co.jp/english/press/2004/bd-dvd.html,">web.archive.org/web/20060818093830www.jvc-victor.co.jp/english/press/2004/bd-dvd.html, August 18, 2006, Japanese optical disc manufacturer Infinity announced the first “hybrid” Blu-ray Disc/(standard) DVD combo, to be released February 18, 2009. This disc set of the TV series “Code Blue” featured four hybrid discs containing a single Blu-ray Disc layer (25 GB) and two DVD layers (9 GB) on the same side of the disc.WEB, Lim, Daniel,www.slashgear.com/worlds-first-hybrid-blu-ray-dvd-disk-title-released-in-japan-1927170/, World’s first hybrid Blu-ray / DVD disk title released in Japan, December 19, 2008, June 15, 2011, Slashgear.com,www.slashgear.com/worlds-first-hybrid-blu-ray-dvd-disk-title-released-in-japan-1927170/," title="web.archive.org/web/20130308184752www.slashgear.com/worlds-first-hybrid-blu-ray-dvd-disk-title-released-in-japan-1927170/,">web.archive.org/web/20130308184752www.slashgear.com/worlds-first-hybrid-blu-ray-dvd-disk-title-released-in-japan-1927170/, March 8, 2013, live, In January 2007, Hitachi showcased a 100 GB Blu-ray Disc, consisting of four layers containing 25 GB each.WEB,techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/NEWS_EN/20070111/126348/, Hitachi Demonstrates 4 Layer BD Playback Using ‘Standard Drive’, January 11, 2007, Harada, Mamoru, Techon.nikkebp.co.jp, June 15, 2011,techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/NEWS_EN/20070111/126348/," title="web.archive.org/web/20111011202814techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/NEWS_EN/20070111/126348/,">web.archive.org/web/20111011202814techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/NEWS_EN/20070111/126348/, October 11, 2011, live, It claimed that, unlike TDK’s and Panasonic’s 100 GB discs, this disc would be readable on standard Blu-ray Disc drives that were currently in circulation, and it was believed that a firmware update was the only requirement to make it readable by then-current players and drives.WEB,www.pcpro.co.uk/news/126871/hitachi-showcases-100gb-bluray-disc.html, Hitachi showcases 100GB Blu-ray disc, October 3, 2007, Turton, Stuart, PC Pro, June 15, 2011,www.pcpro.co.uk/news/126871/hitachi-showcases-100gb-bluray-disc.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090603085737www.pcpro.co.uk/news/126871/hitachi-showcases-100gb-bluray-disc.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090603085737www.pcpro.co.uk/news/126871/hitachi-showcases-100gb-bluray-disc.html, June 3, 2009, dead, In October 2007 they revealed a 100 GB Blu-ray Disc drive.WEB,www.engadget.com/2007-10-03-hitachis-100gb-blu-ray-disc-drive.html, Hitachi’s 100GB Blu-ray disc drive, Engadget, September 3, 2020, September 14, 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200914235312/https://www.engadget.com/2007-10-03-hitachis-100gb-blu-ray-disc-drive.html, live, In December 2008, Pioneer Corporation unveiled a 400 GB Blu-ray Disc (containing 16 data layers, 25 GB each) compatible with current players after a firmware update. Its planned launch was in the 2009–10 time frame for ROM and 2010–13 for rewritable discs. Ongoing development was underway to create a 1 TB Blu-ray Disc.WEB,digitimes.com/news/a20081201PD212.html, Pioneer showcases 16-layer 400GB optical disc, June 13, 2011, Hwang, Adam, Jimmy Hsu, Taipei, Digitimes.com, December 1, 2008,digitimes.com/news/a20081201PD212.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130128152112digitimes.com/news/a20081201PD212.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130128152112digitimes.com/news/a20081201PD212.html, January 28, 2013, live, At CES 2009, Panasonic unveiled the DMP-B15, the first portable Blu-ray Disc player, and Sharp introduced the LC-BD60U and LC-BD80U series, the first LCD HDTVs with integrated Blu-ray Disc players. Sharp also announced that it would sell HDTVs with integrated Blu-ray Disc recorders in the United States by the end of 2009. Set-top box recorders were not being sold in the U.S. for fear of unauthorized copying. However, personal computers with Blu-ray recorder drives were available. In October 2009, TDK demonstrated a 10-layer 320 GB Blu-ray Disc.WEB,www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Industry_Trends/TDK/TDK_Creates_320GB_10_Layer_Blu-ray_Disc/3550, TDK Creates 320GB, 10 Layer Blu-ray Disc | High-Def Digest, www.highdefdigest.com, September 3, 2020, September 15, 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200915000649/https://www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Industry_Trends/TDK/TDK_Creates_320GB_10_Layer_Blu-ray_Disc/3550, live, On January 1, 2010, Sony, in association with Panasonic, announced plans to increase the storage capacity on their Blu-ray Discs from 25 GB to 33.4 GB via a technology called i-MLSE (Maximum likelihood Sequence Estimation). The higher-capacity discs, according to Sony, would be readable on existing Blu-ray Disc players with a firmware upgrade.WEB,www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=3977, FSony, Panasonic Propose Blu-ray Capacity Increase, Blu-ray.com, January 4, 2010, January 8, 2010, Dreuth, Josh,www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=3977," title="web.archive.org/web/20100108131041www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=3977,">web.archive.org/web/20100108131041www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=3977, January 8, 2010, live, This technology was later used on BDXL discs.WEB, BD-R white paper, 5th ed, October 2010,blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-R_physical_specifications-18326.pdf, April 21, 2018,blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-R_physical_specifications-18326.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20190307041548blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-R_physical_specifications-18326.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20190307041548blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-R_physical_specifications-18326.pdf, March 7, 2019, live, On July 20, 2010, the research team of Sony and Japanese Tohoku University announced the joint development of a blue-violet laser,WEB,www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201007/10-0720E/index.html, Joint development of the world’s first blue-violet ultrafast pulsed semiconductor laser, July 20, 2010, July 20, 2010,www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201007/10-0720E/index.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20100726184228www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201007/10-0720E/index.html,">web.archive.org/web/20100726184228www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201007/10-0720E/index.html, July 26, 2010, live, to help create Blu-ray Discs with a capacity of 1 TB using only two layers (and potentially more than 1 TB with additional layering). By comparison, the first blue laser was invented in 1996, with the first prototype discs coming four years later.{{anchor|4K}} 2011–present
File:4K Blu Ray early Best Buy release.jpg|thumb|Early 4K Blu-ray release at Best BuyBest BuyOn January 7, 2013, Sony announced that it would release “Mastered in 4K” Blu-ray Disc titles sourced at 4K and encoded at 1080p.NEWS, Sony to launch 4K digital distribution network this summer, ‘mastered in 4K’ Blu-ray Discs, Richard Lawler, Engadget,www.engadget.com/2013/01/07/sony-4k-distribution-service/, January 7, 2013, May 30, 2013,www.engadget.com/2013/01/07/sony-4k-distribution-service/," title="web.archive.org/web/20130518220934www.engadget.com/2013/01/07/sony-4k-distribution-service/,">web.archive.org/web/20130518220934www.engadget.com/2013/01/07/sony-4k-distribution-service/, May 18, 2013, live, “Mastered in 4K” Blu-ray Disc titles can be played on existing Blu-ray Disc players and have a larger color space using xvYCC.WEB, Sony ‘mastered in 4K’ Blu-rays a mixed blessing, Seamus Byrne, CNET,www.cnet.com/tech/home-entertainment/sony-mastered-in-4k-blu-rays-a-mixed-blessing/, May 1, 2013, November 30, 2021,www.cnet.com.au/sony-mastered-in-4k-blu-rays-a-mixed-blessing-339344100.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20130510102430www.cnet.com.au/sony-mastered-in-4k-blu-rays-a-mixed-blessing-339344100.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20130510102430www.cnet.com.au/sony-mastered-in-4k-blu-rays-a-mixed-blessing-339344100.htm, May 10, 2013, live, On January 14, 2013, Blu-ray Disc Association president Andy Parsons stated that a task force was created three months prior to conduct a study concerning an extension to the Blu-ray Disc specification that would add the ability to contain 4K UHD video.MAGAZINE, Blu-ray looks ahead to 4K, Melissa J. Perenson, PC World,www.pcworld.com/article/2024919/blu-ray-looks-ahead-to-4k.html, January 14, 2013, January 17, 2013,www.pcworld.com/article/2024919/blu-ray-looks-ahead-to-4k.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130116164353www.pcworld.com/article/2024919/blu-ray-looks-ahead-to-4k.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130116164353www.pcworld.com/article/2024919/blu-ray-looks-ahead-to-4k.html, January 16, 2013, live, NEWS, Ultra HD Blu-ray Discs being researched by the BDA, Gareth Halfacree, expertreviews.co.uk,www.expertreviews.co.uk/blu-ray-players/1297180/ultra-hd-blu-ray-discs-being-researched-by-the-bda, January 16, 2013, January 17, 2013, dead,www.expertreviews.co.uk/blu-ray-players/1297180/ultra-hd-blu-ray-discs-being-researched-by-the-bda," title="web.archive.org/web/20130118042748www.expertreviews.co.uk/blu-ray-players/1297180/ultra-hd-blu-ray-discs-being-researched-by-the-bda,">web.archive.org/web/20130118042748www.expertreviews.co.uk/blu-ray-players/1297180/ultra-hd-blu-ray-discs-being-researched-by-the-bda, January 18, 2013, On August 5, 2015, the BDA announced it would commence licensing the Ultra HD Blu-ray format starting on August 24, 2015. The Ultra HD Blu-ray format delivered high dynamic range content that significantly expanded the range between the brightest and darkest elements, expanded color range, high frame rate (up to 60fps) and up to {{resx|3840×2160}} resolution, object-based sound formats, and an optional “digital bridge” feature. New players were required to play this format, which were able to play both DVDs, traditional Blu-rays and the new format. New Ultra HD Blu-ray Discs hold up to 66 GB and 100 GB of data on dual- and triple-layer discs, respectively.WEB, Blu-ray Disc Association to Commence Licensing of Ultra HD Blu-ray,www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150805005853/en/Blu-ray-Disc-Association-Commence-Licensing-Ultra-HD, Business Wire, August 5, 2015, agent@blu-raydisc.info, August 6, 2015,www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150805005853/en/Blu-ray-Disc-Association-Commence-Licensing-Ultra-HD," title="web.archive.org/web/20150808232012www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150805005853/en/Blu-ray-Disc-Association-Commence-Licensing-Ultra-HD,">web.archive.org/web/20150808232012www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150805005853/en/Blu-ray-Disc-Association-Commence-Licensing-Ultra-HD, August 8, 2015, live, Blu-ray’s physical and file system specifications are publicly available on the BDA’s website.WEB,blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/TechnicalWhitePapers/General.aspx, General, blu-raydisc.com, April 13, 2020,www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/TechnicalWhitePapers/General.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20200211093008www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/TechnicalWhitePapers/General.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20200211093008www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/TechnicalWhitePapers/General.aspx, February 11, 2020, live,Future scope and market trends
{{update|date=April 2018}}According to Media Research, high-definition software sales in the United States were slower in the first two years than DVD software sales. 16.3 million DVD software units were sold in the first two years (1997–1998) compared to 8.3 million high-definition software units (2006–2007).NEWS,www.movieweb.com/news/NECoxHEGdHLwGG, High-Definition Sales Far Behind Standard DVD’s First Two Years, MovieWeb, Watchr Media, February 20, 2008, June 15, 2011, Gallagher, Brian,www.movieweb.com/news/NECoxHEGdHLwGG," title="web.archive.org/web/20090910063438www.movieweb.com/news/NECoxHEGdHLwGG,">web.archive.org/web/20090910063438www.movieweb.com/news/NECoxHEGdHLwGG, September 10, 2009, live, One reason given for this difference was the smaller marketplace (26.5 million HDTVs in 2007 compared to 100 million SDTVs in 1998). Former HD DVD supporter Microsoft did not make a Blu-ray Disc drive for the Xbox 360.WEB,www.news.com/8301-10784_3-9893090-7.html, Report: Microsoft says no Blu-ray for Xbox 360, CNET, March 18, 2008, March 31, 2008, Ricciuti, Mike, {{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The 360’s successor Xbox One features a Blu-ray drive, as does the PS4, with both supporting 3D Blu-ray after later firmware updates.WEB, Lawler, Richard,www.engadget.com/2014/07/23/ps4-blu-ray-3d/, PS4 will add Blu-ray 3D support next week, Engadget, AOL Inc., July 23, 2014, July 24, 2014,www.engadget.com/2014/07/23/ps4-blu-ray-3d/," title="web.archive.org/web/20140724073349www.engadget.com/2014/07/23/ps4-blu-ray-3d/,">web.archive.org/web/20140724073349www.engadget.com/2014/07/23/ps4-blu-ray-3d/, July 24, 2014, live, WEB, Lawler, Richard,www.engadget.com/2014/07/18/xbox-one-august-update-friend-feed-blu-ray-3d/, Xbox One’s next update makes it easier to keep up with friends, and play Blu-ray 3D, Engadget.com, July 23, 2014, July 24, 2014,www.engadget.com/2014/07/18/xbox-one-august-update-friend-feed-blu-ray-3d/," title="web.archive.org/web/20140724073404www.engadget.com/2014/07/18/xbox-one-august-update-friend-feed-blu-ray-3d/,">web.archive.org/web/20140724073404www.engadget.com/2014/07/18/xbox-one-august-update-friend-feed-blu-ray-3d/, July 24, 2014, live, Shortly after the “format war” ended, Blu-ray Disc sales began to increase. A study by the NPD Group found that awareness of Blu-ray Disc had reached 60% of households in the United States. Nielsen VideoScan sales numbers showed that for some titles, such as 20th Century Fox’s Hitman, up to 14% of total disc sales were from Blu-ray, although the average Blu-ray sales for the first half of the year were only around 5%. In December 2008, the Blu-ray Disc version of Warner Bros.’ The Dark Knight sold 600,000 copies on the first day of its launch in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.NEWS,www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/High-Def_Disc_Sales/Warner/Disc_Sales:_Dark_Knight_Tops_600K_On_Release_Day/2324, Disc Sales: ‘Dark Knight’ Tops 600K On Release Day, High-Def Digest, December 11, 2008, February 17, 2009,www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/High-Def_Disc_Sales/Warner/Disc_Sales:_Dark_Knight_Tops_600K_On_Release_Day/2324," title="web.archive.org/web/20090224095546www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/High-Def_Disc_Sales/Warner/Disc_Sales:_Dark_Knight_Tops_600K_On_Release_Day/2324,">web.archive.org/web/20090224095546www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/High-Def_Disc_Sales/Warner/Disc_Sales:_Dark_Knight_Tops_600K_On_Release_Day/2324, February 24, 2009, live, A week after the launch, The Dark Knight BD had sold over 1.7 million copies worldwide, making it the first Blu-ray Disc title to sell over a million copies in the first week of release.NEWS,www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Warner/Disc_Sales/Disc_Sales:_Dark_Knight_Blu-ray_Breaks_1M_First-Week_Barrier/2341, Disc Sales: ‘Dark Knight’ Blu-ray Breaks 1M First-Week Barrier, High-Def Digest, December 17, 2008, February 17, 2009,www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Warner/Disc_Sales/Disc_Sales:_Dark_Knight_Blu-ray_Breaks_1M_First-Week_Barrier/2341," title="web.archive.org/web/20090219231528www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Warner/Disc_Sales/Disc_Sales:_Dark_Knight_Blu-ray_Breaks_1M_First-Week_Barrier/2341,">web.archive.org/web/20090219231528www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Warner/Disc_Sales/Disc_Sales:_Dark_Knight_Blu-ray_Breaks_1M_First-Week_Barrier/2341, February 19, 2009, live, {| class=“wikitable” style="float: right; margin: 0 0 15px 15px“|+ Blu-ray Disc sales in United States and CanadaBeyond Blu-ray
The Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD), described in the ECMA-377 standard, was in development by the Holography System Development (HSD) Forum using a green writing/reading laser (532 nm) and a red positioning/addressing laser (650 nm). It was to offer MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC (H.264), HEVC (H.265), and VC-1 encoding, supporting a maximum storage capacity of 6 TB.WEB,www.optware.co.jp/english/what_040823.htm, What’s New, August 23, 2004, October 9, 2004, dead,www.optware.co.jp/english/what_040823.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20041009144100www.optware.co.jp/english/what_040823.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20041009144100www.optware.co.jp/english/what_040823.htm, October 9, 2004, No systems conforming to the Ecma International HVD standard have been released.WEB,news.cnet.com/Maxell+focuses+on+holographic+storage/2100-1015_3-5973868.html, November 28, 2005, CNET News.com, Maxell focuses on holographic storage, May 28, 2007,news.cnet.com/Maxell-focuses-on-holographic-storage/2100-1015_3-5973868.html," title="archive.today/20120722154516news.cnet.com/Maxell-focuses-on-holographic-storage/2100-1015_3-5973868.html,">archive.today/20120722154516news.cnet.com/Maxell-focuses-on-holographic-storage/2100-1015_3-5973868.html, July 22, 2012, live, The company responsible for HVD went bankrupt in 2010, making any releases unlikely.WEB, Holographic storage bites the dust,www.zdnet.com/article/holographic-storage-bites-the-dust/, June 22, 2022, ZDNet, en, January 2, 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220102163310/https://www.zdnet.com/article/holographic-storage-bites-the-dust/, live,Rise of boutique labels
A boutique Blu-ray label or specialty Blu-ray label is a home video distributor that releases films on Blu-ray or 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray format, characterized by a specific or niche target marketWEB,www.pastemagazine.com/movies/blu-ray/the-best-boutique-blu-ray-distributors-who-arent-c, The Best Boutique Blu-ray Distributors (Who Aren’t Criterion), Kozak, Oktay Ege, December 5, 2017, Paste (magazine), Paste, June 26, 2023, and collectable features like “limited edition” or “special edition” releases,WEB,screenanarchy.com/2023/06/crowdfund-this-boutique.html, Crowdfund This: Boutique, New Doc Chronicles The Rise of Specialty Distributors, Mack, Andrew, June 6, 2023, Screen Anarchy, June 26, 2023, deluxe slipcases or packaging, and other materials. Examples of boutique Blu-ray labels include the American Genre Film Archive (AGFA),WEB,www.cbr.com/best-boutique-blu-ray-brands/, 10 Best Boutique Blu-Ray Brands, Jarvis, Henry, August 12, 2022, CBR.com, June 26, 2023, Arrow Films, Canadian International Pictures,WEB,www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/article-one-year-into-bucking-digital-trends-boutique-blu-ray-distributor/, One year into bucking digital trends, boutique Blu-ray label keeps fighting for Canadian cinema, Hertz, Barry, January 5, 2023, The Globe and Mail, June 26, 2023, subscription, The Criterion Collection,NEWS, DeFore, John, August 19, 2009, In Stores This Week: DVDs,www.newspapers.com/article/austin-american-statesman/127131208/, Austin-American Statesman, Austin, Texas, D2, June 26, 2023, Newspapers.com, Kino Lorber,NEWS, Marsh, Calum, July 13, 2019, Saturday Feature: ‘Those with loaded guns and those who dig’,www.newspapers.com/article/national-post/127116919/, National Post, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, WP7, June 26, 2023, Newspapers.com, Severin Films, Shout! Factory, Twilight Time,WEB,www.nytimes.com/2012/05/20/movies/homevideo/the-big-heat-and-walking-tall-are-out-on-dvd.html, Idealistic Lawmen Taking Crime Very Personally, Kehr, Dave, Dave Kehr, May 18, 2012, The New York Times, June 26, 2023, Vinegar Syndrome, and the Warner Archive Collection.Boutique Blu-ray labels, which are popular among collectors and enthusiasts of film and physical media, have been credited as a factor in a “Blu-ray renaissance” dating back to at least 2018, with some consumers choosing to purchase films on physical formats in an age of digital streaming.MAGAZINE,www.wired.com/story/blu-ray-resurgence-collectors/, Streaming Isn’t Everything, and Blu-rays Are Back to Prove It, Raferty, Brian, December 12, 2018, Wired (magazine), Wired, June 26, 2023, Reasons some consumers prefer Blu-rays to streaming include higher video quality, the tactile nature of owning a film physically, elaborate packaging, bonus features, and the desire to own or watch films that are not available in streaming services’ libraries.Physical media
(File:Comparison disk storage.svg|thumb|300px|Comparison of several forms of disc storage showing tracks (not to scale); green denotes start and red denotes end.* Some CD-R(W) and DVD-R(W)/DVD+R(W) recorders operate in ZCLV, CAA or CAV modes.)(File:Comparison CD DVD HDDVD BD.svg|thumb|300px|Comparison of various optical storage media){| class=“wikitable”Hard-coating technology
Given that the Blu-ray Disc data layer is closer to the surface of the disc compared to the DVD standard, it was found in early designs to be more vulnerable to scratches.WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/general_bluraydiscformat-15263.pdf, White paper, Blu-ray Disc Format, General, Blu-ray Disc Founders, April 16, 2009, August 2004,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/general_bluraydiscformat-15263.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20090612042130www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/general_bluraydiscformat-15263.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20090612042130www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/general_bluraydiscformat-15263.pdf, June 12, 2009, live, WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White%20Paper%20BD-ROM_Part1_9th_20150806_clean.pdf, White Paper Blu-ray Disc Format, 1.C Physical Format Specifications for BD-ROM, April 11, 2020,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White%20Paper%20BD-ROM_Part1_9th_20150806_clean.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20190531020530www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White%20Paper%20BD-ROM_Part1_9th_20150806_clean.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20190531020530www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White%20Paper%20BD-ROM_Part1_9th_20150806_clean.pdf, May 31, 2019, live, The first discs were therefore housed in cartridges for protection, resembling Professional Discs introduced by Sony in 2003. Using a cartridge would increase the price of an already expensive medium, and would increase the size of Blu-ray Disc drives, so designers chose hard-coating of the pickup surface instead. TDK was the first company to develop a working scratch-protection coating for Blu-ray Discs, naming it Durabis. In addition, both Sony’s and Panasonic’s replication methods include proprietary hard-coat technologies. Sony’s rewritable media are spin-coated, using a scratch-resistant acrylic and antistatic coating.WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White_Paper_General_5th_20180216.pdf, White Paper Blu-ray Disc Format, General, 5th Edition, April 11, 2020, April 11, 2020,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White_Paper_General_5th_20180216.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20200411062740www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White_Paper_General_5th_20180216.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20200411062740www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White_Paper_General_5th_20180216.pdf, dead, Verbatim’s recordable and rewritable Blu-ray Discs use their own proprietary technology, called Hard Coat.WEB,www.verbatim.com/subcat/optical-media/blu-ray/, Blank Blu-ray Media: Blu ray Recordable (BD-R, BD-R LTH) / Rewritable (BD-RE) Discs, Blu-ray DVD, Verbatim, February 17, 2014,www.verbatim.com/subcat/optical-media/blu-ray/," title="web.archive.org/web/20140221223047www.verbatim.com/subcat/optical-media/blu-ray/,">web.archive.org/web/20140221223047www.verbatim.com/subcat/optical-media/blu-ray/, February 21, 2014, live, Colloidal silica-dispersed UV-curable resins are used for the hard coating, given that, according to the Blu-ray Disc Association, they offer the best tradeoff between scratch resistance, optical properties, and productivity.The Blu-ray Disc specification requires the testing of resistance to scratches by mechanical abrasion. In contrast, DVD media are not required to be scratch-resistant, but since development of the technology, some companies, such as Verbatim, implemented hard-coating for more expensive lines of recordable DVDs.Drive speeds{| class“wikitable” style@float: right; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0“|+ BD drive speeds
! rowspan=“2“|Drive speed! colspan=“2“|Data rate! colspan=“2“|~Write time (minutes)! rowspan=“2“|~CAV Rotation speed (RPM)WEB, The Authoritative Blu-ray Disc (BD) FAQ{{snd, Recording and reading speed |url=http://www.hughsnews.ca/faqs/authoritative-blu-ray-disc-bd-faq/8-recording-and-reading-speed |website=Hugh’s News |access-date=August 11, 2020 |quote=At this early stage anticipating anything is merely speculation but it’s possible to make some informed predictions. From a practical perspective, spinning an optical disc at 10,000 RPM has long proven the realistic limit for half-height drives and 5,000 RPM for slim-types. |archive-date=December 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223002516www.hughsnews.ca/faqs/authoritative-blu-ray-disc-bd-faq/8-recording-and-reading-speed |url-status=live }}Media quality and data integrity
The quality and data integrity of optical media can be determined by measuring the rate of errors, of which higher rates may be an indication for deteriorating media, low-quality media, physical damage such as scratches, dust, and/or media written using a defective optical drive.Errors on Blu-Ray media are measured using the so-called LDC (Long Distance Codes) and BIS (Burst Indication Subcodes) error parameters, of which rates below 13 and 15 respectively can be considered healthy.Not all vendors and models of optical drives have error scanning functionality implemented.WEB, Blu-Ray Writing Quality Tests Vol 2,www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/Reviews/Print.aspx?ArticleId=25532, www.cdrinfo.com, CDR info, August 1, 2020, June 19, 2009, January 7, 2010,web.archive.org/web/20100107203123/https://www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/Reviews/Print.aspx?ArticleId=25532, live, WEB, Blu-ray Disc (BD) – InfoTip Kompendium,kompendium.infotip.de/blu-ray-disc-bd.html, kompendium.infotip.de, de, August 11, 2020, May 2, 2015,web.archive.org/web/20150502085423/https://kompendium.infotip.de/blu-ray-disc-bd.html, live, WEB, White paper Blu-ray Disc Format,www.disc-group.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Blu-Ray-1-PhysicalFormatSpecs-BD-RE-1.065KB.pdf, August 11, 2020, August 2004, Blu-ray Disc Founders,www.disc-group.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Blu-Ray-1-PhysicalFormatSpecs-BD-RE-1.065KB.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20140224135715www.disc-group.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Blu-Ray-1-PhysicalFormatSpecs-BD-RE-1.065KB.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20140224135715www.disc-group.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Blu-Ray-1-PhysicalFormatSpecs-BD-RE-1.065KB.pdf, February 24, 2014, live,Packaging
(File:Blu-ray keep case.jpg|thumb|212x212px|Blu-ray case (often blue-tinted))Pre-recorded Blu-ray Disc titles usually ship in packages similar to, but slightly smaller (18.5 mm shorter and 2 mm thinner: 135 mm × 171.5 mm × 13 mmWEB,www.cd-info.com/packaging/blu-ray-cases/index.html, Blu-ray Case Information, cd-info.com, November 22, 2012,www.cd-info.com/packaging/blu-ray-cases/index.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130705045622www.cd-info.com/packaging/blu-ray-cases/index.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130705045622www.cd-info.com/packaging/blu-ray-cases/index.html, July 5, 2013, live, ) and more rounded than, a standard DVD keep case, generally with the format prominently displayed in a horizontal stripe across the top of the case (translucent blue for Blu-ray video discs, clear for Blu-ray 3D video releases, red for PlayStation 3 Greatest Hits Games, transparent for regular PlayStation 3 games, transparent dark blue for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 games, transparent green for Xbox One and Xbox Series X games and black for Ultra HD Blu-ray video releases). Warren Osborn and The Seastone Media Group, LLC created the package that was adopted worldwide following the Blu-ray versus HD DVD market adoption choice.WEB,www.google.com.ar/patents/US20060124479, Blu-ray Case Patent, cd-info.com, June 18, 2015,web.archive.org/web/20150619020028/https://www.google.com.ar/patents/US20060124479, June 19, 2015, live, Because Blu-ray cases are smaller than DVD cases, more Blu-rays than DVDs can fit on a shelf.Types
Mini Blu-ray Disc
The “Mini Blu-ray Disc” (also, “Mini-BD” and “Mini Blu-ray“) is a compact {{convert|8|cm|in|adj=mid|-diameter}} variant of the Blu-ray Disc that can store 7.8 GB of data in its single-layer configuration, or 15.6 GB on a dual-layer disc.WEB, Blu-ray Disc – The Scoop,www.acronova.com/blog/blu-ray-disc/, Acronova Technologies Inc, September 13, 2015,www.acronova.com/blog/blu-ray-disc/," title="web.archive.org/web/20160120110802www.acronova.com/blog/blu-ray-disc/,">web.archive.org/web/20160120110802www.acronova.com/blog/blu-ray-disc/, January 20, 2016, live, It is similar in concept to the MiniDVD and Mini CD. Recordable (BD-R) and rewritable (BD-RE) versions of Mini Blu-ray Disc have been developed specifically for compact camcorders and other compact recording devices.WEB,www.verbatim.com.au/en_AU/newsroom/verbatim-to-launch-world-s-first-mini-blu-ray-media, Verbatim to Launch World’s First Mini BD Media, dead,www.verbatim.com.au/en_AU/newsroom/verbatim-to-launch-world-s-first-mini-blu-ray-media," title="web.archive.org/web/20130424094148www.verbatim.com.au/en_AU/newsroom/verbatim-to-launch-world-s-first-mini-blu-ray-media,">web.archive.org/web/20130424094148www.verbatim.com.au/en_AU/newsroom/verbatim-to-launch-world-s-first-mini-blu-ray-media, April 24, 2013, mdy-all,Blu-ray Disc recordable
“Blu-ray Disc recordable” (BD-R) refers to two optical disc formats that can be recorded with an optical disc recorder. BD-Rs can be written to once, whereas Blu-ray Disc Recordable Erasable (BD-REs) can be erased and re-recorded multiple times. The current practical maximum speed for Blu-ray Discs is about 12× (54 MB/s).WEB, Blu-ray FAQ,www.blu-ray.com/faq, April 21, 2018,www.blu-ray.com/faq/," title="web.archive.org/web/20061004150831www.blu-ray.com/faq/,">web.archive.org/web/20061004150831www.blu-ray.com/faq/, October 4, 2006, live, {{rp|at=1.7}} Higher speeds of rotation (5,000+ rpm) cause too much wobble for the discs to be written properly,BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=cldCAQAAIAAJ&q=bluray+disc+writing+at+high+speeds+of+rotation, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics: Regular papers & short notes, 2007, Publication Board, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, en, October 17, 2020, March 12, 2023,web.archive.org/web/20230312170911/https://books.google.com/books?id=cldCAQAAIAAJ&q=bluray+disc+writing+at+high+speeds+of+rotation, live, BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=TvdRAAAAMAAJ&q=bluray+disc+writing+at+high+speeds+of+rotation, Optical Data Storage, 2006, Optical Society of America, 978-0-8194-6357-9, en, October 17, 2020, March 12, 2023,web.archive.org/web/20230312170914/https://books.google.com/books?id=TvdRAAAAMAAJ&q=bluray+disc+writing+at+high+speeds+of+rotation, live, as with the 24× (33.2 MB/s) and 56× (8.2 MB/s, 11,200 rpm) maximum speeds, respectively, of standard DVDs and CDs. Since September 2007, BD-RE is also available in the smaller 8 cm Mini Blu-ray Disc size.Hitachi First in Industry to Release Blu-ray Disc Camcorder {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810093717techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/NEWS_EN/20070803/137462/ |date=August 10, 2007 }} Naoki Asakawa, Nikkei Electronics, Nikkei Business Publications, August 3, 2007.On September 18, 2007, Pioneer and Mitsubishi codeveloped BD-R LTH (“Low to High” in groove recording), which features an organic dye recording layer that can be manufactured by modifying existing CD-R and DVD-R production equipment, significantly reducing manufacturing costs.WEB,www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=21422, Pioneer and Mitsubishi Develop Low cost BD-R Discs Using Organic Recording Layers, CDRInfo.com, March 26, 2008,www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=21422," title="web.archive.org/web/20080225121648www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=21422,">web.archive.org/web/20080225121648www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=21422, February 25, 2008, live, In February 2008, Taiyo Yuden, Mitsubishi, and Maxell released the first BD-R LTH Discs,Taiyo Yuden, Mitsubishi and Maxell Release First LTH BD-R Discs {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227195919cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=22521 |date=February 27, 2008}} cdrinfo.com and in March 2008, Sony’s PlayStation 3 officially gained the ability to use BD-R LTH Discs with the 2.20 firmware update.PS3 firmware update v2.20 available – added support for LTH BD-R {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329190941www.afterdawn.com/news/archive/13371.cfm |date=March 29, 2008}} afterdawn.com In May 2009 Verbatim/Mitsubishi announced the industry’s first 6X BD-R LTH media, which allows recording a 25 GB disc in about 16 minutes.Verbatim/MKM certified BD-R LTH type media makes performance leap to 6X {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120913151416www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS108367+21-May-2009+BW20090521 |date=September 13, 2012 }} reuters.com Unlike with the previous releases of 120 mm optical discs (i.e. CDs and standard DVDs), Blu-ray recorders hit the market almost simultaneously with Blu-ray’s debut.BD9 and BD5
The BD9 format was proposed to the Blu-ray Disc Association by Warner Home Video as a cost-effective alternative to the 25/50 GB BD-ROM discs. The format was supposed to use the same codecs and program structure as Blu-ray Disc video but recorded onto less expensive 8.5 GB dual-layer DVD. This red-laser media could be manufactured on existing DVD production lines with lower costs of production than the 25/50 GB Blu-ray media.WEB,www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=16769, BD9 Licensing Further Delays The Launch of Blu-ray Burners, October 18, 2007, April 11, 2006, cdrinfo.com,www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=16769," title="web.archive.org/web/20071106044010www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=16769,">web.archive.org/web/20071106044010www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=16769, November 6, 2007, live, Usage of BD9 for releasing content on “pressed” discs never caught on. With the end of the format war, manufacturers ramped production of Blu-ray Discs and lowered prices to compete with DVDs. On the other hand, the idea of using inexpensive DVD media became popular among individual users. A lower-capacity version of this format that uses single-layer 4.7 GB DVDs has been unofficially called BD5. Both formats are being used by individuals for recording high-definition content in Blu-ray format onto recordable DVD media.WEB,forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?t=134402, Quick Blu-ray content (BD, BD-5 and BD-9) authoring guide (PS3+PowerDVD), February 19, 2008,forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?t=134402," title="web.archive.org/web/20080304141526forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?t=134402,">web.archive.org/web/20080304141526forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?t=134402, March 4, 2008, live, WEB,www.hdtvtotal.com/module-pagesetter-viewpub-tid-1-pid-1051.html, Mini Blu-ray Disc: Guide for mini-Blu-ray-Disc Authoring, August 19, 2007,www.hdtvtotal.com/module-pagesetter-viewpub-tid-1-pid-1051.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080712175755www.hdtvtotal.com/module-pagesetter-viewpub-tid-1-pid-1051.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080712175755www.hdtvtotal.com/module-pagesetter-viewpub-tid-1-pid-1051.html, July 12, 2008, live, Despite the fact that the BD9 format has been adopted as part of the BD-ROM basic format, none of the existing Blu-ray player models explicitly claim to be able to read it. Consequently, the discs recorded in BD9 and BD5 formats are not guaranteed to play on standard Blu-ray Disc players. AVCHD and AVCREC also use inexpensive media like DVDs, but unlike BD9 and BD5 these formats have limited interactivity, codec types, and data rates. As of March 2011, BD9 was removed as an official BD-ROM disc.WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White_Paper_General_3rd_Dec%202012_20121210.pdf, White Paper Blu-ray Disc Format General, 3rd Edition, October 9, 2013,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White_Paper_General_3rd_Dec%202012_20121210.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20130313161841www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White_Paper_General_3rd_Dec%202012_20121210.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20130313161841www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/White_Paper_General_3rd_Dec%202012_20121210.pdf, March 13, 2013, live,BDXL
File:Sony BD-R XL 128GB.jpg|thumb|128 GB BDXL quadruple-layer disc manufactured by Sony CorporationSony CorporationThe BDXL format allows 100 GB and 128 GB write-once discs,WEB,bluray.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Industry_Trends/BDXL/BDXL_Spec_Upgrades_Blu-ray_Storage_to_128GB/4493, BDXL Spec Upgrades Blu-ray Storage to 128GB, April 6, 2010, April 6, 2010,bluray.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Industry_Trends/BDXL/BDXL_Spec_Upgrades_Blu-ray_Storage_to_128GB/4493," title="web.archive.org/web/20101119034002bluray.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Industry_Trends/BDXL/BDXL_Spec_Upgrades_Blu-ray_Storage_to_128GB/4493,">web.archive.org/web/20101119034002bluray.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Industry_Trends/BDXL/BDXL_Spec_Upgrades_Blu-ray_Storage_to_128GB/4493, November 19, 2010, live, WEB,www.dailytech.com/Bluray+Disc+Association+Unveils+128GB+Specification/article18059.htm, Blu-ray Disc Association Unveils 128GB Specification, April 6, 2010, April 6, 2010, McGlaun, Shane, DailyTech.com,www.dailytech.com/Bluray+Disc+Association+Unveils+128GB+Specification/article18059.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20111201223314www.dailytech.com/Bluray+Disc+Association+Unveils+128GB+Specification/article18059.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20111201223314www.dailytech.com/Bluray+Disc+Association+Unveils+128GB+Specification/article18059.htm, December 1, 2011, dead, and 100 GB rewritable discs for commercial applications. The BDXL specification was finalised in June 2010.WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php, Format Specification – R3 Format Specification (BDXL™), www.blu-raydisc.info, November 8, 2019,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20190812082057www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php,">web.archive.org/web/20190812082057www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php, August 12, 2019, live, WEB,www.engadget.com/2010/06/25/128gb-bdxl-blu-ray-disc-specification-finalized-and-fabulous/, 128GB BDXL Blu-ray Disc specification finalized... and fabulous!, Engadget, en, November 8, 2019,web.archive.org/web/20191108161851/https://www.engadget.com/2010/06/25/128gb-bdxl-blu-ray-disc-specification-finalized-and-fabulous/, November 8, 2019, live, BD-R 3.0 Format Specification (BDXL) defined a multi-layered disc recordable in BDAV format with the speed of 2× and 4×, capable of 100/128 GB and usage of UDF2.5/2.6.WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php, R3 Format Specification (BDXL), Blu-ray Disc Association, June 18, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20100630000927www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php,">web.archive.org/web/20100630000927www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php, June 30, 2010, live, BD-RE 4.0 Format Specification (BDXL) defined a multi-layered disc rewritable in BDAV with the speed of 2× and 4×, capable of 100 GB and usage of UDF2.5 as file system.WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re4-spec.php, RE4 Format Specification (BDXL), Blu-ray Disc Association, June 18, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re4-spec.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20100628045310www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re4-spec.php,">web.archive.org/web/20100628045310www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re4-spec.php, June 28, 2010, live, Although the 66 GB and 100 GB BD-ROM discs used for Ultra HD Blu-ray use the same linear density as BDXL, the two formats are not compatible with each other, therefore it is not possible to use a triple layer BDXL disc to burn an Ultra HD Blu-ray Disc playable in an Ultra HD Blu-ray player, although standard 50 GB BD-R DL discs can be burned in the Ultra HD Blu-ray format.IH-BD
The IH-BD (Intra-Hybrid Blu-ray) format includes a 25 GB rewritable layer (BD-RE) and a 25 GB write-once layer (BD-ROM), designed to work with existing Blu-ray Discs.Data format standards
Filesystem
Blu-ray Disc specifies the use of Universal Disk Format (UDF) 2.50 as a convergent-friendly format for both PC and consumer electronics environments. It is used in the latest specifications of BD-ROM, BD-RE, and BD-R. In the first BD-RE specification (defined in 2002), the BDFS (Blu-ray Disc File System) was used. The BD-RE 1.0 specification was defined mainly for the digital recording of high-definition television (HDTV) broadcast television. The BDFS was replaced by UDF 2.50 in the second BD-RE specification in 2005, to enable interoperability among consumer electronics Blu-ray recorders and personal computer systems. These optical disc recording technologies enabled PC recording and playback of BD-RE.WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re1-spec.php, RE1 Format Specification, Blu-ray Disc Association, June 11, 2010, dead,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re1-spec.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20100701055209www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re1-spec.php,">web.archive.org/web/20100701055209www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re1-spec.php, July 1, 2010, WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re2-spec.php, RE2 Format Specification, Blu-ray Disc Association, June 11, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re2-spec.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20100701011949www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re2-spec.php,">web.archive.org/web/20100701011949www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re2-spec.php, July 1, 2010, live, BD-R can use UDF 2.50/2.60.WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php, R3 Format Specification (BDXL), Blu-ray Disc Association, June 10, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20100630000927www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php,">web.archive.org/web/20100630000927www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r3-spec.php, June 30, 2010, live, The Blu-ray Disc application for recording of digital broadcasting has been developed as System Description Blu-ray Rewritable Disc Format part 3 Audio Visual Basic Specifications (BDAV). The requirements related with computer file system have been specified in System Description Blu-ray Rewritable Disc Format part 2 File System Specifications version 1.0 (BDFS). Initially, the BD-RE version 1.0 (BDFS) was specifically developed for recording of digital broadcasts using the Blu-ray Disc application (BDAV application). But these requirements are superseded by the Blu-ray Rewritable Disc File System Specifications version 2.0 (UDF) (a.k.a. RE 2.0) and Blu-ray Recordable Disc File System Specifications version 1.0 (UDF) (a.k.a. R 1.0). Additionally, a new application format, BDMV (System Description Blu-ray Disc Prerecorded Format part 3 Audio Visual Basic Specifications) for High Definition Content Distribution was developed for BD-ROM. The only file system developed for BDMV is the System Description Blu-ray Read-Only Disc Format part 2 File System Specifications version 1.0 (UDF) which defines the requirements for UDF 2.50. All BDMV application files are stored under a “BDMV” directory.WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/assets/Downloadablefile/BD-ROM-AV-WhitePaper_100604%281%29-15916.pdf, White paper, Blu-ray Disc Format, 2.B Audio Visual Application, Format Specifications, for BD-ROM Version 2.4, May 2010, June 10, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.com/assets/Downloadablefile/BD-ROM-AV-WhitePaper_100604(1)-15916.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708073400www.blu-raydisc.com/assets/Downloadablefile/BD-ROM-AV-WhitePaper_100604(1)-15916.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110708073400www.blu-raydisc.com/assets/Downloadablefile/BD-ROM-AV-WhitePaper_100604(1)-15916.pdf, July 8, 2011, live, WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/bdj_gem_application_definition-15496.pdf, Application Definition, Blu-ray Disc Format, BD-J Baseline Application and Logical Model Definition for BD-ROM, March 2005, June 10, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/bdj_gem_application_definition-15496.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708073443www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/bdj_gem_application_definition-15496.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110708073443www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/bdj_gem_application_definition-15496.pdf, July 8, 2011, live, WEB,www.aacsla.com/specifications/AACS_Spec_BD_Recordable_Final_0.951.pdf, Advanced Access Content System (AACS) Blu-ray Disc Recordable Book, Revision 0.951, September 28, 2009, June 10, 2010,www.aacsla.com/specifications/AACS_Spec_BD_Recordable_Final_0.951.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110707072304www.aacsla.com/specifications/AACS_Spec_BD_Recordable_Final_0.951.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110707072304www.aacsla.com/specifications/AACS_Spec_BD_Recordable_Final_0.951.pdf, July 7, 2011, dead,Application format
- BDAV or BD-AV (Blu-ray Disc Audio/Visual):WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/docs/Spec_Info/AllBooksDec2009.pdf, Blu-ray: All Books: As of December 2009, June 10, 2010, dead,www.blu-raydisc.info/docs/Spec_Info/AllBooksDec2009.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110721185754www.blu-raydisc.info/docs/Spec_Info/AllBooksDec2009.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110721185754www.blu-raydisc.info/docs/Spec_Info/AllBooksDec2009.pdf, July 21, 2011, WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/3_filesystem-15265.pdf, White Paper: Blu-ray Disc Format: 3. File System Specifications for BD-RE, R, ROM, August 2004, June 10, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/3_filesystem-15265.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110124052542www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/3_filesystem-15265.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110124052542www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/3_filesystem-15265.pdf, January 24, 2011, live, WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r1-spec.php, R1 Format Specification, Blu-ray Disc Association, June 10, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r1-spec.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20100702101618www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r1-spec.php,">web.archive.org/web/20100702101618www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r1-spec.php, July 2, 2010, live, WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/docs/Spec_Info/Specification%20Book%20Chart.pdf, Blu-ray: All Books: As of June 2010, June 18, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.info/docs/Spec_Info/Specification%20Book%20Chart.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110721185802www.blu-raydisc.info/docs/Spec_Info/Specification%20Book%20Chart.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110721185802www.blu-raydisc.info/docs/Spec_Info/Specification%20Book%20Chart.pdf, July 21, 2011, live, a consumer-oriented Blu-ray video format used for audio/video recording (defined in 2002).
- BDMV or BD-MV (Blu-ray Disc Movie):BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=ikxuL2aX9cAC&q=bd-mv%20dvd%20demystified&pg=PT347, DVD Demystified: BD-MV, Jim Taylor, Mark R. Johnson, Charles G. Crawford, June 10, 2010, 9780071423960, November 21, 2005, McGraw Hill Professional, March 12, 2023,web.archive.org/web/20230312170918/https://books.google.com/books?id=ikxuL2aX9cAC&q=bd-mv%20dvd%20demystified&pg=PT347, live, a Blu-ray video format with menu capability commonly used for movie releases.
- BDMV Recording specification (defined in September 2006 for BD-RE and BD-R).WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-RE_Part3_V3.0_WhitePaper_080406-15915.pdf, White Paper: Blu-ray Disc Rewritable Format: Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-RE Version 3.0, March 2008, June 10, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-RE_Part3_V3.0_WhitePaper_080406-15915.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708073756www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-RE_Part3_V3.0_WhitePaper_080406-15915.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110708073756www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-RE_Part3_V3.0_WhitePaper_080406-15915.pdf, July 8, 2011, live,
- RREF (Realtime Recording and Editing Format): a subset of BDMV designed for real-time recording and editing applications.
- HFPA (High Fidelity Pure Audio): A high definition audio disc using the Blu-ray format
Media format
Container format
Audio, video, and other streams are multiplexed and stored on Blu-ray Discs in a container format based on the MPEG transport stream. It is also known as BDAV MPEG-2 transport stream and can use filename extension .m2ts.Videohelp.com What is Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD? {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430113104www.videohelp.com/hd |date=April 30, 2006 }}, Retrieved on July 26, 2009. Blu-ray Disc titles authored with menus are in the BDMV (Blu-ray Disc Movie) format and contain audio, video, and other streams in BDAV container.AfterDawn.com Glossary – BD-MV (Blu-ray Movie) and BDAV container {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201115516www.afterdawn.com/glossary/terms/bd-mv.cfm |date=December 1, 2007 }}, Retrieved on July 26, 2009.AfterDawn.com Glossary – BDAV container {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121209014907www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/bdav |date=December 9, 2012}}, Retrieved on July 26, 2009. There is also the BDAV (Blu-ray Disc Audio/Visual) format, the consumer oriented alternative to the BDMV format used for movie releases. The BDAV format is used on BD-REs and BD-Rs for audio/video recording. BDMV format was later defined also for BD-RE and BD-R (in September 2006, in the third revision of BD-RE specification and second revision of BD-R specification).WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r2-spec.php, R2 Format Specification, Blu-ray Disc Association, June 10, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r2-spec.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20100826230858www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r2-spec.php,">web.archive.org/web/20100826230858www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/r2-spec.php, August 26, 2010, live, WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re3-spec.php, RE3 Format Specification, Blu-ray Disc Association, June 10, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re3-spec.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20100701011954www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re3-spec.php,">web.archive.org/web/20100701011954www.blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re3-spec.php, July 1, 2010, live, Blu-ray Disc employs the MPEG transport stream recording method. That enables transport streams of digital broadcasts to be recorded as they are broadcast, without altering the format.Blu-ray Disc Association (March 2008) BD-RE – Audiovisual Application Format Specification for BD-RE 2.1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206111829www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-RE_Part3_V2.1_WhitePaper_080406-15271.pdf |date=February 6, 2009 }} (PDF), Technical White Papers – BD RE {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506111157www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/TechnicalWhitePapers/BDRE.html |date=May 6, 2009 }}, Retrieved on July 28, 2009. It also enables flexible editing of a digital broadcast that is recorded as is and where the data can be edited just by rewriting the playback stream. Although it is quite natural, a function for high-speed and easy-to-use retrieval is built in.Blu-ray Disc Association (August 2004) Blu-ray Disc Format, White paper {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612042130www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/general_bluraydiscformat-15263.pdf |date=June 12, 2009}} (PDF) Page 22, Retrieved on July 28, 2009. Blu-ray Disc Video use MPEG transport streams, compared to DVD’s MPEG program streams. An MPEG transport stream contains one or more MPEG program streams, so this allows multiple video programs to be stored in the same file so they can be played back simultaneously (e.g. with “picture-in-picture” effect).Codecs
The BD-ROM specification mandates certain codec compatibilities for both hardware decoders (players) and movie software (content).WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/2b_bdrom_audiovisualapplication_0305-12955-15269.pdf, White paper Blu-ray Disc Format – 2.B Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM, 15, Blu-ray Disc Association, March 2005, July 26, 2009,www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/2b_bdrom_audiovisualapplication_0305-12955-15269.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20081221051302www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/2b_bdrom_audiovisualapplication_0305-12955-15269.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20081221051302www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/2b_bdrom_audiovisualapplication_0305-12955-15269.pdf, December 21, 2008, live, WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/TechnicalWhitePapers/BDROM.html, Technical White Papers — BD ROM, Blu-ray Disc Association, January 19, 2010,www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/TechnicalWhitePapers/BDROM.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20100110063557www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/TechnicalWhitePapers/BDROM.html,">web.archive.org/web/20100110063557www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/TechnicalWhitePapers/BDROM.html, January 10, 2010, live, Windows Media Player does not come with the codecs required to play Blu-ray Discs.WEB,answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_7-pictures/windows-7-media-player-will-not-play-back-bluray/36f826cd-db66-45e7-bfad-1ad7f37f42af, Microsoft Community, Microsoft, microsoft.com, October 28, 2015,answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_7-pictures/windows-7-media-player-will-not-play-back-bluray/36f826cd-db66-45e7-bfad-1ad7f37f42af," title="web.archive.org/web/20151016004928answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_7-pictures/windows-7-media-player-will-not-play-back-bluray/36f826cd-db66-45e7-bfad-1ad7f37f42af,">web.archive.org/web/20151016004928answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_7-pictures/windows-7-media-player-will-not-play-back-bluray/36f826cd-db66-45e7-bfad-1ad7f37f42af, October 16, 2015, live,Video
Originally, BD-ROMs stored video up to {{resx|1920×1080}} pixel resolution at up to 60 (59.94) fields per second. Currently, with UHD BD-ROM, videos can be stored at a maximum of {{resx|3840×2160}} pixel resolution at up to 60 (59.94) frames per second, progressively scanned. While most current Blu-ray players and recorders can read and write {{resx|1920×1080}} video at the full 59.94p and 50p progressive format, new players for the UHD specifications will be able to read at {{resx|3840×2160}} video at either 59.94p and 50p formats.{| class=“wikitable”Audio
For audio, BD-ROM players are required to implement Dolby Digital (AC-3), DTS, and linear PCM. Players may optionally implement Dolby Digital Plus and DTS-HD High Resolution Audio as well as lossless 5.1 and 7.1 surround sound formats Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio.WEB,www.twice.com/article/CA6323699.html, TWICE.com, 1st HD DVD Players To Decode All Mandatory, Optional Audio Codecs, June 15, 2011, Palenchar, Joseph, April 10, 2006, dead,www.twice.com/article/CA6323699.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090409074432www.twice.com/article/CA6323699.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090409074432www.twice.com/article/CA6323699.html, April 9, 2009, BD-ROM titles must use one of the mandatory schemes for the primary soundtrack. A secondary audiotrack, if present, may use any of the mandatory or optional codecs.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}{| class=“wikitable”Bit rate
The Blu-ray specification defines a maximum data transfer rate of 54 Mbit/s, a maximum AV bitrate of 48 Mbit/s (for both audio and video data), and a maximum video bit rate of 40 Mbit/s. In contrast, the HD DVD standard has a maximum data transfer rate of 36 Mbit/s, a maximum AV bitrate of 30.24 Mbit/s, and a maximum video bitrate of 29.4 Mbit/s.WEB,www.videohelp.com/hd, What is Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD?, February 16, 2008, dead,www.videohelp.com/hd," title="web.archive.org/web/20060430113104www.videohelp.com/hd,">web.archive.org/web/20060430113104www.videohelp.com/hd, April 30, 2006,Java software interface
At the 2005 JavaOne trade show, it was announced that Sun Microsystems’ Java cross-platform software environment would be included in all Blu-ray Disc players as a mandatory part of the standard.WEB, Foote, Bill, Moll, Erik, Java Technology Goes to the Movies: Java Technology in Next-Generation Optical Disc Formats, 2005 JavaOne conference, Session TS-7091,www.jovial.com/slides/2005_TS-7091_Foote_Moll_DF.pdf, September 18, 2011,jovial.com/slides/2005_TS-7091_Foote_Moll_DF.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110819034100jovial.com/slides/2005_TS-7091_Foote_Moll_DF.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110819034100jovial.com/slides/2005_TS-7091_Foote_Moll_DF.pdf, August 19, 2011, live, Java is used to implement interactive menus on Blu-ray Discs, as opposed to the method used on DVD-video discs. DVDs use pre-rendered MPEG segments and selectable subtitle pictures, which are considerably more primitive and rarely seamless. At the conference, Java creator James Gosling suggested that the inclusion of a Java virtual machine, as well as network connectivity in some BD devices, will allow updates to Blu-ray Discs via the Internet, adding content such as additional subtitle languages and promotional features not included on the disc at pressing time.WEB,news.cnet.com/Java-to-appear-in-next-gen-DVD-players/2100-1046_3-5766409.html, Java to appear in next-gen DVD players, Shankland, Steven, June 26, 2005, CNET, September 18, 2011,news.cnet.com/Java-to-appear-in-next-gen-DVD-players/2100-1046_3-5766409.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20120303050003news.cnet.com/Java-to-appear-in-next-gen-DVD-players/2100-1046_3-5766409.html,">web.archive.org/web/20120303050003news.cnet.com/Java-to-appear-in-next-gen-DVD-players/2100-1046_3-5766409.html, March 3, 2012, live,
This Java version is called BD-J and is built on a profile of the Globally Executable MHP (GEM) standard; GEM is the worldwide version of the Multimedia Home Platform standard.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}
Player profiles
The BD-ROM specification defines four Blu-ray Disc player profiles, including an audio-only player profile (BD-Audio) that does not require video decoding or BD-J. All of the video-based player profiles (BD-Video) are required to have a full implementation of BD-J.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}{| class=“wikitable”BD-Live
The biggest difference between Bonus View and BD-Live is that BD-Live requires the Blu-ray Disc player to have an Internet connection to access Internet-based content. BD-Live features have included Internet chats, scheduled chats with the director, Internet games, downloadable featurettes, downloadable quizzes, and downloadable movie trailers.WEB,bluray.highdefdigest.com/1219/tinkerbell.html, Tinker Bell (Blu-ray), Peter, Bracke, highdefdigest.com, October 28, 2008, February 14, 2009,bluray.highdefdigest.com/1219/tinkerbell.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090217003551bluray.highdefdigest.com/1219/tinkerbell.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090217003551bluray.highdefdigest.com/1219/tinkerbell.html, February 17, 2009, live, WEB,bluray.highdefdigest.com/1437/hellboyii.html, Hellboy II: The Golden Army (Blu-ray), Joshua, Zyber, highdefdigest.com, November 11, 2008, February 14, 2009,bluray.highdefdigest.com/1437/hellboyii.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090218115030bluray.highdefdigest.com/1437/hellboyii.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090218115030bluray.highdefdigest.com/1437/hellboyii.html, February 18, 2009, live, WEB,bluray.highdefdigest.com/1738/kungfupanda.html, Kung Fu Panda (Blu-ray), Kenneth, Brown, highdefdigest.com, November 9, 2008, February 14, 2009,bluray.highdefdigest.com/1738/kungfupanda.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090202054142bluray.highdefdigest.com/1738/kungfupanda.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090202054142bluray.highdefdigest.com/1738/kungfupanda.html, February 2, 2009, live, While some Bonus View players may have an Ethernet port, it is used for firmware updates and is not used for Internet-based content.WEB,www.docs.sony.com/release/specs/BDPBX1_mksp.pdf, Sony BDP-BX1 player specifications, August 5, 2009, February 10, 2011,www.docs.sony.com/release/specs/BDPBX1_mksp.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110716104611www.docs.sony.com/release/specs/BDPBX1_mksp.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110716104611www.docs.sony.com/release/specs/BDPBX1_mksp.pdf, July 16, 2011, dead, In addition, Profile 2.0 also requires more local storage in order to handle this content.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}Profile 1.0 players are not eligible for Bonus View or BD-Live compliant upgrades and do not have the function or capability to access these upgrades, with the exception of the latest players and the PlayStation 3. Internet is required to use.WEB,crave.cnet.com/8301-1_105-9808376-1.html, Blu-ray Profile 1.0, 1.1, 2.0 explained—Ask the Editors, CNET, Moskovciak, Matthew, September 9, 2008, June 15, 2011,crave.cnet.com/8301-1_105-9808376-1.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071102113729crave.cnet.com/8301-1_105-9808376-1.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071102113729crave.cnet.com/8301-1_105-9808376-1.html, November 2, 2007, dead, WEB,gizmodo.com/gadgets/home-entertainment/samsungs-already-awesome-hd-disc-hybrid-bd+up5000-upgraded-to-profile-11-bye-bye-format-bitching-314480.php, Samsung’s Already Awesome HD Disc Hybrid BD-UP5000 Upgraded to Profile 1.1 (Bye Bye Format Bitching), Gizmodo.com, October 24, 2007, Rothman, Wilson, June 15, 2011,gizmodo.com/gadgets/home-entertainment/samsungs-already-awesome-hd-disc-hybrid-bd+up5000-upgraded-to-profile-11-bye-bye-format-bitching-314480.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20110711100136gizmodo.com/gadgets/home-entertainment/samsungs-already-awesome-hd-disc-hybrid-bd+up5000-upgraded-to-profile-11-bye-bye-format-bitching-314480.php,">web.archive.org/web/20110711100136gizmodo.com/gadgets/home-entertainment/samsungs-already-awesome-hd-disc-hybrid-bd+up5000-upgraded-to-profile-11-bye-bye-format-bitching-314480.php, July 11, 2011, live, Profile 1.1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226131122www.afterdawn.com/glossary/term.cfm/profile_1_1 |date=December 26, 2010 }}, afterdawn.com, December 22, 2010.Region codes
(File:Blu-ray-regions with key.svg|thumb|400px|Regions for the Blu-ray Disc standard:WEB,blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/FAQs/Blu-rayDiscforVideo.aspx, Blu-ray Disc for Video, September 14, 2009,www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/FAQs/Blu-rayDiscforVideo.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20110602084333www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/FAQs/Blu-rayDiscforVideo.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20110602084333www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/FAQs/Blu-rayDiscforVideo.aspx, June 2, 2011, live, {{legend|#ffa208|Region A/1}}{{legend|#77b830|Region B/2}}{{legend|#ce5dff|Region C/3}})As with the implementation of region codes for DVDs, Blu-ray Disc players sold in a specific geographical region are designed to play only discs authorized by the content provider for that region. This is intended to permit content providers (motion picture studios, television production company etc.) to enact regional price discrimination and/or exclusive content licensing. According to the Blu-ray Disc Association, all Blu-ray Disc players and Blu-ray Disc-equipped computer systems are required to enforce regional coding. However, content providers need not use region playback codes.“How does regional coding work in the computer space?” {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901195414us.blu-raydisc.com/#/pages/faq |date=September 1, 2009 }} us.blu-raydisc.com FAQ Retrieved October 24, 2009. Some current estimates suggest 70% of available movie Blu-ray Discs from the major studios are region-free and can therefore be played on any Blu-ray Disc player in any region.“Latest Confirmed Region Free Blu-rays” {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002175249regionfreemovies.com/ |date=October 2, 2009 }}. Retrieved October 24, 2009.Movie distributors have different region-coding policies. Among major U.S. studios, Walt Disney Pictures, Warner Bros., Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios, and Sony Pictures have released most of their titles free of region-coding.WEB,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Warner, Blu-ray Disc Statistics Warner, August 13, 2008,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Warner," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708073345www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Warner,">web.archive.org/web/20110708073345www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Warner, July 8, 2011, live, {{efn|Although titles released by Warner’s New Line Cinema division were initially region-coded, subsequent re-releases subsequently have been region-free. Titles released by other labels on behalf of New Line are still subject to region-coding.}}WEB,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Paramount, Blu-ray Disc Statistics Paramount, August 13, 2008,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Paramount," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708073247www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Paramount,">web.archive.org/web/20110708073247www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Paramount, July 8, 2011, live, WEB,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Universal, Blu-ray Disc Statistics Universal, August 13, 2008,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Universal," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708073319www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Universal,">web.archive.org/web/20110708073319www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Universal, July 8, 2011, live, WEB,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Sony, Blu-ray Disc Statistics Sony, August 13, 2008,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Sony," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708073333www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Sony,">web.archive.org/web/20110708073333www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Sony, July 8, 2011, live, WEB,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Disney, Blu-ray Disc Statistics Disney, August 13, 2008,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Disney," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708073422www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Disney,">web.archive.org/web/20110708073422www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Disney, July 8, 2011, live, MGM and Lionsgate have released a mix of region-free and region-coded titles.WEB,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=MGM, Blu-ray Disc Statistics MGM, January 26, 2010,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=MGM," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708073456www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=MGM,">web.archive.org/web/20110708073456www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=MGM, July 8, 2011, live, WEB,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Lionsgate, Blu-ray Disc Statistics Lionsgate, August 13, 2008,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Lionsgate," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708073401www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Lionsgate,">web.archive.org/web/20110708073401www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Lionsgate, July 8, 2011, live, While 20th Century Fox initially released most of their titles region-coded,WEB,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Fox, Blu-ray Disc Statistics 20th Century Fox, August 13, 2008,www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Fox," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708073437www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Fox,">web.archive.org/web/20110708073437www.blu-raystats.com/Stats/Stats.php?OrderBy=Studio&Studio=Fox, July 8, 2011, live, most of their post-Disney merger content is region-free. Vintage film restoration and distribution company The Criterion Collection uses US region-coding in all Blu-ray releases, with their releases in the UK market using UK region-coding.WEB,www.criterion.com/help#q20, Help – The Criterion Collection (20.), February 19, 2017,web.archive.org/web/20170220011159/https://www.criterion.com/help#q20, February 20, 2017, live, WEB,www.criterion.com/help#q11, Help – The Criterion Collection (11.), February 19, 2017,web.archive.org/web/20170220011159/https://www.criterion.com/help#q11, February 20, 2017, live, The Blu-ray Disc region-coding scheme divides the world into three regions, labeled A, B, and C.{| class=“wikitable”Digital rights management
The Blu-ray Disc format employs several layers of digital rights management (DRM) which restrict the usage of the discs.WEB,www.dell.com/downloads/global/vectors/brcp.pdf, Blu-ray Disc Next-Generation Optical Storage: Protecting Content on the BD-ROM, May 3, 2007, Dell,www.dell.com/downloads/global/vectors/brcp.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20070331173711www.dell.com/downloads/global/vectors/brcp.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20070331173711www.dell.com/downloads/global/vectors/brcp.pdf, March 31, 2007, live, WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/assets/downloadablefile/5th_japan_05-13343.pdf, Overview of BD-ROM security, May 3, 2007, Ajima, Kosuke, March 29, 2006, Blu-ray Disc Association Content Protection Group,www.blu-raydisc.com/assets/downloadablefile/5th_japan_05-13343.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20070307102259www.blu-raydisc.com/assets/downloadablefile/5th_japan_05-13343.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20070307102259www.blu-raydisc.com/assets/downloadablefile/5th_japan_05-13343.pdf, March 7, 2007, This has led to extensive criticism of the format by organizations opposed to DRM, such as the Free Software Foundation,WEB,www.fsf.org/news/blu-ray, Don’t buy HD-DVD or Blu-ray disks, March 24, 2006, September 6, 2010, Matt, Lee, FSF,www.fsf.org/news/blu-ray/," title="web.archive.org/web/20100626004727www.fsf.org/news/blu-ray/,">web.archive.org/web/20100626004727www.fsf.org/news/blu-ray/, June 26, 2010, live, and consumers because new releases require player firmware updates to allow disc playback.WEB,consumerist.com/2013/09/06/samsungs-disposable-blu-ray-player-wont-play-new-blu-rays/, Samsung’s Disposable Blu-ray Player Won’t Play New Blu-rays, September 6, 2013, December 16, 2013, Laura, Northrup, Consumerist,consumerist.com/2013/09/06/samsungs-disposable-blu-ray-player-wont-play-new-blu-rays/," title="web.archive.org/web/20131216190828consumerist.com/2013/09/06/samsungs-disposable-blu-ray-player-wont-play-new-blu-rays/,">web.archive.org/web/20131216190828consumerist.com/2013/09/06/samsungs-disposable-blu-ray-player-wont-play-new-blu-rays/, December 16, 2013, live, WEB,www.thewrap.com/movies/article/avatar-blu-rays-have-some-buyers-seeing-red-16828, ‘Avatar’ Blu-rays Have Some Buyers Seeing Red, April 29, 2010, December 16, 2013, Brent, Lang, The Wrap,www.thewrap.com/movies/article/avatar-blu-rays-have-some-buyers-seeing-red-16828/," title="web.archive.org/web/20140830183222www.thewrap.com/movies/article/avatar-blu-rays-have-some-buyers-seeing-red-16828/,">web.archive.org/web/20140830183222www.thewrap.com/movies/article/avatar-blu-rays-have-some-buyers-seeing-red-16828/, August 30, 2014, live,High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection
Blu-ray equipment is required to implement the High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) system to encrypt the data sent by players to rendering devices through physical connections. This is aimed at preventing the copying of copyrighted content as it travels across cables. Through a protocol flag in the media stream called the Image Constraint Token (ICT), a Blu-ray Disc can enforce its reproduction in a lower resolution whenever a full HDCP-compliant link is not used. In order to ease the transition to high definition formats, the adoption of this protection method was postponed until 2011.WEB, Advanced Access Content System (“AACS“) Adopter Agreement,www.aacsla.com/license/AACS_Adopter_Agrmt_090619.pdf, June 2009, October 13, 2011,www.aacsla.com/license/AACS_Adopter_Agrmt_090619.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110929142319www.aacsla.com/license/AACS_Adopter_Agrmt_090619.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110929142319www.aacsla.com/license/AACS_Adopter_Agrmt_090619.pdf, September 29, 2011, dead,Advanced Access Content System
(File:AACS dataflow.svg|thumb|The AACS decryption process)The Advanced Access Content System (AACS) is a standard for content distribution and digital rights management. It was developed by AS Licensing Administrator, LLC (AACS LA), a consortium that includes Disney, Intel, Microsoft, Panasonic, Warner Bros., IBM, Toshiba, and Sony. Since the appearance of the format on devices in 2006, several successful attacks have been made on it. The first known attack relied on the trusted client problem. In addition, decryption keys have been extracted from a weakly protected player (WinDVD). Since keys can be revoked in newer releases,WEB,www.aacsla.com/press/, Response to Reports of Attacks on AACS Technology, AACS, April 16, 2007, January 14, 2008,www.aacsla.com/press/," title="web.archive.org/web/20070430070403www.aacsla.com/press/,">web.archive.org/web/20070430070403www.aacsla.com/press/, April 30, 2007, dead, this is only a temporary attack, and new keys must continually be discovered in order to decrypt the latest discs.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}BD+
BD+ was developed by Cryptography Research Inc. and is based on their concept of Self-Protecting Digital Content.Content Protection – BD+ and Blu-ray {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071101070941www.cryptography.com/technology/spdc/bluray.html|date=November 1, 2007}} from cryptography.com BD+, effectively a small virtual machine embedded in authorized players, allows content providers to include executable programs on Blu-ray Discs. Such programs can:- Examine the host environment to see if the player has been tampered with. Every licensed playback device manufacturer must provide the BD+ licensing authority with memory footprints that identify their devices.
- Verify that the player’s keys have not been changed
- Execute native code, possibly to patch an otherwise insecure system
- Transform the audio and video output. Parts of the content will not be viewable without letting the BD+ program unscramble it.
BD-ROM Mark
ROM Mark is a small amount of cryptographic data that is stored separately from normal Blu-ray Disc data, aiming to prevent replication of the discs. The cryptographic data is needed to decrypt the copyrighted disc content protected by AACS.WEB,www.aacsla.com/specifications/AACS_Spec_BD_Prerecorded_0.912.pdf, Advanced Access Content System (AACS) Blu-ray Disc Pre-recorded Book, Revision 0.912, July 27, 2006, October 11, 2011, dead,www.aacsla.com/specifications/AACS_Spec_BD_Prerecorded_0.912.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20061026081239www.aacsla.com/specifications/AACS_Spec_BD_Prerecorded_0.912.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20061026081239www.aacsla.com/specifications/AACS_Spec_BD_Prerecorded_0.912.pdf, October 26, 2006, A specially licensed piece of hardware is required to insert the ROM Mark into the media during mastering. During replication, this ROM Mark is transferred together with the recorded data to the disc. In consequence, any copies of a disc made with a regular recorder will lack the ROM Mark data and will be unreadable on standard players.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}Backward compatibility
The Blu-ray Disc Association recommends but does not require that Blu-ray Disc drives be capable of reading standard DVDs and CDs, for backward compatibility.WEB,www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/FAQs/Blu-rayDiscFormat.html, Can Blu-ray Disc products play DVD and CD?, January 25, 2009,www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/FAQs/Blu-rayDiscFormat.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090218032036www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/FAQs/Blu-rayDiscFormat.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090218032036www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/FAQs/Blu-rayDiscFormat.html, February 18, 2009, live, Most Blu-ray Disc players are capable of reading both CDs and DVDs; however, a few of the early Blu-ray Disc players released in 2006, such as the Sony BDP-S1, could play DVDs but not CDs.WEB,www.bluraydiscplayers.org.uk/blu-ray-and-hd-dvd-players/lg-bh100-blu-ray-hd-dvd-player/, LG BH100 Blu-ray/HD DVD player, August 30, 2008,www.bluraydiscplayers.org.uk/blu-ray-and-hd-dvd-players/lg-bh100-blu-ray-hd-dvd-player/," title="web.archive.org/web/20080902025051www.bluraydiscplayers.org.uk/blu-ray-and-hd-dvd-players/lg-bh100-blu-ray-hd-dvd-player/,">web.archive.org/web/20080902025051www.bluraydiscplayers.org.uk/blu-ray-and-hd-dvd-players/lg-bh100-blu-ray-hd-dvd-player/, September 2, 2008, dead, WEB,reviews.cnet.com/video-players-and-recorders/pioneer-bdp-hd1/4505-6463_7-31637888.html?tag=rnav, Pioneer BDP-HD1, February 23, 2007, March 10, 2012,reviews.cnet.com/video-players-and-recorders/pioneer-bdp-hd1/4505-6463_7-31637888.html?tag=rnav," title="web.archive.org/web/20120310165438reviews.cnet.com/video-players-and-recorders/pioneer-bdp-hd1/4505-6463_7-31637888.html?tag=rnav,">web.archive.org/web/20120310165438reviews.cnet.com/video-players-and-recorders/pioneer-bdp-hd1/4505-6463_7-31637888.html?tag=rnav, live, WEB,hometheater.about.com/od/blurayandhddvd/p/sonybluraybdps1.htm, Sony BDP-S1 Blu-ray Disc Player — Product Profile, September 17, 2008,hometheater.about.com/od/blurayandhddvd/p/sonybluraybdps1.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20080924191825hometheater.about.com/od/blurayandhddvd/p/sonybluraybdps1.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20080924191825hometheater.about.com/od/blurayandhddvd/p/sonybluraybdps1.htm, September 24, 2008, live, In addition, with the exception of some early models from LG and Samsung, Blu-ray players cannot play HD DVDs, and HD DVD players cannot play Blu-ray Discs. Some Blu-ray players can also play Video CDs, Super Audio CDs, and/or DVD-Audio discs. All Ultra HD Blu-ray players can play regular Blu-ray Discs, and most can play DVDs and CDs. The PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 do not support CDs.WEB, PlayStation Support,support.playstation.com/s/article/PS4-Problems-Reading-Discs?language=en_US, support.playstation.com, August 24, 2020, April 23, 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200423030307/https://support.playstation.com/s/article/PS4-Problems-Reading-Discs?language=en_US, live,Variations
High Fidelity Pure Audio (BD-A)
High Fidelity Pure Audio (HFPA) is a marketing initiative, spearheaded by the Universal Music Group, for audio-only Blu-ray optical discs. Launched in 2013 as a potential successor to the compact disc, it has been compared with DVD-A and SACD, which had similar aims.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}AVCHD
File:Panasonic DMP-BD60 Blu-Ray Player.jpg|thumb|350px|A PanasonicPanasonicAVCHD was originally developed as a high-definition format for consumer tapeless camcorders. Derived from the Blu-ray Disc specification, AVCHD shares a similar random access directory structure but is restricted to lower audio and video bitrates, simpler interactivity, and the use of AVC-video and Dolby AC-3 (or linear PCM) audio. Being primarily an acquisition format, AVCHD playback is not universally recognized among devices that play Blu-ray Discs. Nevertheless, many such devices are capable of playing AVCHD recordings from removable media, such as DVDs, SD/SDHC memory cards, “Memory Stick” cards, and hard disk drives.WEB,www.avchd-info.org/press/index.html, AVCHD Information Web Site press releases, July 29, 2009,www.avchd-info.org/press/index.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090419154131www.avchd-info.org/press/index.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090419154131www.avchd-info.org/press/index.html, April 19, 2009, live,AVCREC
AVCREC uses a BDAV container to record high-definition content on conventional DVDs.WEB,www.blu-raydisc.info/format_spec/avcrec_specs.php, AVREC Format Specifications, dead,blu-raydisc.info/format_spec/avcrec_specs.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20090317015922blu-raydisc.info/format_spec/avcrec_specs.php,">web.archive.org/web/20090317015922blu-raydisc.info/format_spec/avcrec_specs.php, March 17, 2009, Presently AVCREC is tightly integrated with the Japanese ISDB broadcast standard and is not marketed outside of Japan. AVCREC is used primarily in set-top digital video recorders and in this regard it is comparable to HD REC.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}Blu-ray 3D
(File:Blu ray 3d (logo).svg|thumb|upright=0.5|The Blu-ray 3D logo)The Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA) created a task force made up of executives from the film industry and the consumer electronics and IT sectors to help define standards for putting 3D film and 3D television content on a Blu-ray Disc.WEB,www.reghardware.co.uk/2009/05/20/bda_taskforce/, Blu-ray brains create 3D taskforce, reghardware.co.uk, May 20, 2009, May 23, 2009,www.reghardware.co.uk/2009/05/20/bda_taskforce/," title="web.archive.org/web/20090523141130www.reghardware.co.uk/2009/05/20/bda_taskforce/,">web.archive.org/web/20090523141130www.reghardware.co.uk/2009/05/20/bda_taskforce/, May 23, 2009, dead, On December 17, 2009, the BDA officially announced 3D specs for Blu-ray Disc, allowing backward compatibility with current 2D Blu-ray players,WEB, Chabot, Jeff,www.hd-report.com/2009/12/18/3d-specs-finalized-for-blu-ray-to-hit-market-next-year/, 3D specifications finalized for Blu-ray, to hit market next year, HD Report, December 17, 2009, December 17, 2009,www.hd-report.com/2009/12/18/3d-specs-finalized-for-blu-ray-to-hit-market-next-year/," title="web.archive.org/web/20100323012621www.hd-report.com/2009/12/18/3d-specs-finalized-for-blu-ray-to-hit-market-next-year/,">web.archive.org/web/20100323012621www.hd-report.com/2009/12/18/3d-specs-finalized-for-blu-ray-to-hit-market-next-year/, March 23, 2010, live, though compatibility is limited by the fact that the longer 3D discs are triple-layer, which normal (2D only) players cannot read.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} The BDA has said, “The Blu-ray 3D specification calls for encoding 3D video using the “Stereo High” profile defined by Multiview Video Coding (MVC), an extension to the ITU-T H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) codec currently implemented by all Blu-ray Disc players. MPEG4-MVC compresses both left and right eye views with a typical 50% overhead compared to equivalent 2D content, and can provide full 1080p resolution backward compatibility with current 2D Blu-ray Disc players.“WEB,www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091217005371&newsLang=en, Blu-ray Disc Association Announces Final 3D Specification, Business Wire, December 17, 2009, December 18, 2009,www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091217005371&newsLang=en," title="web.archive.org/web/20091220040057www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091217005371&newsLang=en,">web.archive.org/web/20091220040057www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091217005371&newsLang=en, December 20, 2009, live, This means the MVC (3D) stream is backward compatible with H.264/AVC (2D) stream, allowing older 2D devices and software to decode stereoscopic video streams, ignoring additional information for the second view. However, some 3D discs have a user limitation set preventing the disc from being viewed in 2D (though a 2D disc is often included in the packaging).{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}Sony added Blu-ray 3D support to its PlayStation 3 console via a firmware upgrade on September 21, 2010.WEB, PS3 System Software Update (ver 3.50), September 21, 2010, September 21, 2010,blog.eu.playstation.com/2010/09/21/ps3-system-software-update-ver-3-50,blog.eu.playstation.com/2010/09/21/ps3-system-software-update-ver-3-50/," title="web.archive.org/web/20100924064936blog.eu.playstation.com/2010/09/21/ps3-system-software-update-ver-3-50/,">web.archive.org/web/20100924064936blog.eu.playstation.com/2010/09/21/ps3-system-software-update-ver-3-50/, September 24, 2010, live, The console had previously gained 3D gaming capability via an update on April 21, 2010.WEB,blog.us.playstation.com/2010/04/21/ps3-3-30-system-software-update/, PS3 goes 3D on 10 June [2010], PlayStation Blog, Lempel, Eric, June 14, 2011, April 21, 2010,blog.us.playstation.com/2010/04/21/ps3-3-30-system-software-update/," title="web.archive.org/web/20110629212824blog.us.playstation.com/2010/04/21/ps3-3-30-system-software-update/,">web.archive.org/web/20110629212824blog.us.playstation.com/2010/04/21/ps3-3-30-system-software-update/, June 29, 2011, live, Since the version 3.70 software update on August 9, 2011, the PlayStation 3 can play DTS-HD Master Audio and DTS-HD High Resolution Audio while playing 3D Blu-ray.WEB,blog.us.playstation.com/2011/08/09/ps3-system-software-update-v3-70/, PS3 System Software Update (v3.70), PlayStation Blog, PlayStation.Blog, Lempel, Eric, November 2, 2011, August 9, 2011,blog.us.playstation.com/2011/08/09/ps3-system-software-update-v3-70/," title="web.archive.org/web/20110816161051blog.us.playstation.com/2011/08/09/ps3-system-software-update-v3-70/,">web.archive.org/web/20110816161051blog.us.playstation.com/2011/08/09/ps3-system-software-update-v3-70/, August 16, 2011, live, Dolby TrueHD is used on a small minority of Blu-ray 3D releases, and bitstreaming implemented in slim PlayStation 3 models only (original “fat” PS3 models decode internally and send audio as LPCM).WEB,gizmodo.com/5342470/so-the-ps3-slim-can-bitstream-dolby-truehd-and-dts+hd-master-audio-after-all, So, The PS3 Slim Can Bitstream Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio After All?, Allen, Danny, August 21, 2009, Gizmodo, June 28, 2012,gizmodo.com/5342470/so-the-ps3-slim-can-bitstream-dolby-truehd-and-dts+hd-master-audio-after-all," title="web.archive.org/web/20120709070942gizmodo.com/5342470/so-the-ps3-slim-can-bitstream-dolby-truehd-and-dts+hd-master-audio-after-all,">web.archive.org/web/20120709070942gizmodo.com/5342470/so-the-ps3-slim-can-bitstream-dolby-truehd-and-dts+hd-master-audio-after-all, July 9, 2012, live, The PlayStation VR can also be used to watch these movies in 3D on a PlayStation 4.WEB, Kidwell, Essa, How to get the best 3D Blu-Ray experience with PlayStation VR,www.androidcentral.com/how-get-best-3d-blu-ray-experience-playstation-vr, live, AndroidCentral, April 4, 2019, March 20, 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200320014417/https://www.androidcentral.com/how-get-best-3d-blu-ray-experience-playstation-vr, March 20, 2020, {{As of|2018|post=,}} most major home entertainment studios, such as Walt Disney Studios, Sony Pictures, MGM, and Universal Pictures had discontinued the Blu-ray 3D format in North America, but continued to produce and sell them in other regions such as South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Paramount Pictures has ceased sales and productions of 3D Blu-ray Discs all over the world, its last 3D releases being Ghost in the Shell and (Transformers: The Last Knight), while Warner Bros. continued to sell and produce 3D Blu-ray Discs in North America until 2022 with their last film released on the format being Dune.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}Ultra HD Blu-ray
Ultra HD Blu-ray Discs are incompatible with existing standard Blu-ray players. They support 4K UHD ({{resx|3840×2160}} pixel resolution) video at frame rates up to 60 progressive frames per second,NEWS, 4K Blu-ray discs arriving in 2015 to fight streaming media, CNET,www.cnet.com/news/4k-blu-ray-discs-arriving-in-2015-to-fight-streaming-media/, September 5, 2014, October 18, 2014,www.cnet.com/news/4k-blu-ray-discs-arriving-in-2015-to-fight-streaming-media/," title="web.archive.org/web/20141013164451www.cnet.com/news/4k-blu-ray-discs-arriving-in-2015-to-fight-streaming-media/,">web.archive.org/web/20141013164451www.cnet.com/news/4k-blu-ray-discs-arriving-in-2015-to-fight-streaming-media/, October 13, 2014, live, encoded using High Efficiency Video Coding. The discs support both high dynamic range (HDR) by increasing the color depth to 10-bit per color and a greater color gamut than supported by conventional Blu-ray video by using the Rec. 2020 color space.JOURNAL, Smith, Michael D., Ultra HD Blu-ray Format Video Characteristics, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal, July 2016, 125, 5, 14–27, 10.5594/JMI.2016.2563078,ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7514362, 2160-2492, February 15, 2023, March 6, 2023,web.archive.org/web/20230306071121/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7514362, live, The specification for an 8K Blu-ray format was also completed by the Blu-ray Disc Association for use in Japan. More than two hours of 8K content can be recorded on BDXL discs.See also
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}- 2D plus Delta
- Blu-ray Disc authoring
- Blu-ray Disc recordable
- Comparison of high-definition optical disc formats
- Comparison of popular optical data-storage systems
- (Comparison of video player softwareOptical media ability|Comparison of video player software: Optical media ability), for a list of software BD video players
- Digital 3D and 3D television
- Disk-drive performance characteristics
- Format war
- High-definition optical disc format war
- High-definition television
- Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)
- List of optical disc manufacturers
- List of Blu-ray player manufacturers
- Universal Media Disc
Notes
{{Notelist}}References
{{reflist}}External links
{{Commons category|Blu-ray Disc}}- {{Official website}}
- Blu-ray Disc Association’s Technical White Papers {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817150124www.blu-raydisc.com/en/Technical/TechnicalWhitePapers/General.aspx |date=August 17, 2013 }}
- Blu-ray Disc License Office
- AACS LA
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