{{short description|Medium used to store data in the form of magnetic fields}}{{Lead too short|date=July 2023}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}File:magtape1.jpg|thumb|7-inch reel of Â¼-inch-wide audio recording tape, typical of consumer use in the 1950sâ€“70s.]]Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic storage made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany in 1928, based on the earlier magnetic wire recording from Denmark. Devices that use magnetic tape could with relative ease record and playback audio, visual, and binary computer data. Magnetic tape revolutionized sound recording and reproduction and broadcasting. It allowed radio, which had always been broadcast live, to be recorded for later or repeated airing. Since the early 1950s, magnetic tape has been used with computers to store large quantities of data and is still used for backup purposes.Magnetic tape begins to degrade after 10â€“20 years and therefore is not an ideal medium for long-term archival storage.WEB, Pogue, David, Digitize Those Memory-Filled Cassettes before They Disintegrate,www.scientificamerican.com/article/digitize-those-memory-filled-cassettes-before-they-disintegrate/, live, en-US, Scientific American, September 1, 2016, July 26, 2022, August 19, 2016,web.archive.org/web/20160819175937/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/digitize-those-memory-filled-cassettes-before-they-disintegrate/, The exception is data tape formats like LTO which are specifically designed for long-term archiving.WEB, Coughlin, Tom, LTO Tape Capacity Shipments Up In 2022,www.forbes.com/sites/tomcoughlin/2023/05/28/lto-tape-capacity-shipments-up-in-2022/, 2023-12-19, Forbes, en,

Durability

{{See also|Preservation of magnetic audiotape}}While good for short-term use, magnetic tape is highly prone to disintegration. Depending on the environment, this process may begin after 10â€“20 years.Over time, magnetic tape made in the 1970s and 1980s can suffer from a type of deterioration called sticky-shed syndrome. It is caused by hydrolysis of the binder in the tape and can render the tape unusable.BOOK,unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001126/112676eo.pdf#page=29, 12 December 2017, Memory of the World: Safeguarding the Documentary Heritage. A guide to Standards, Recommended Practices and Reference Literature Related to the Preservation of Documents of All Kinds, Magnetic Materials, UNESCO, CII.98/WS/4, 1998,

Successors

Since the introduction of magnetic tape, other technologies have been developed that can perform the same functions, and therefore, replace it. Despite this, technological innovation continues. {{as of|2014}} Sony and IBM continue to advance tape capacity.WEB,www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201404/14-044E/index.html, Sony develops magnetic-tape technology with the world’s highest*1 areal recording density of 148 Gb/in2, Sony Global, 4 May 2014,www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201404/14-044E/index.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20140505022337www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201404/14-044E/index.html,">web.archive.org/web/20140505022337www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201404/14-044E/index.html, 5 May 2014, dead,

Uses

Audio

File:Kaseta magnetofonowa ubt.jpeg|thumb|Compact Cassette Compact CassetteMagnetic tape was invented for recording sound by Fritz Pfleumer in 1928 in Germany.BOOK, Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years, Eric D. Daniel, C. Denis Mee, Mark H. Clark, Wiley-IEEE, 1998, 0-7803-4709-9,books.google.com/books?id=7WrCSCqMk5gC&q=%22Fritz+Pfleumer%22+tape&pg=PA48, Because of escalating political tensions and the outbreak of World War II, these developments in Germany were largely kept secret. Although the Allies knew from their monitoring of Nazi radio broadcasts that the Germans had some new form of recording technology, its nature was not discovered until the Allies acquired German recording equipment as they invaded Europe at the end of the war.WEB,www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p07dg3wm, BBC World Service - The Documentary Podcast, A History of Music and Technology: Sound Recording, 18 June 2019, BBC, en-GB, 2019-07-01,web.archive.org/web/20190701223615/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p07dg3wm, 1 July 2019, live, It was only after the war that Americans, particularly Jack Mullin, John Herbert Orr, and Richard H. Ranger, were able to bring this technology out of Germany and develop it into commercially viable formats. Bing Crosby, an early adopter of the technology, made a large investment in the tape hardware manufacturer Ampex.MAGAZINE, Fenster, J.M.,www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1994/2/1994_2_52.shtml, How Bing Crosby Brought You Audiotape, Invention & Technology, Fall 1994,www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1994/2/1994_2_52.shtml," title="web.archive.org/web/20110404045940www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1994/2/1994_2_52.shtml,">web.archive.org/web/20110404045940www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1994/2/1994_2_52.shtml, 4 April 2011, dead, A wide variety of audiotape recorders and formats have been developed since. Some magnetic tape-based formats include:

Reel-to-reel
Fidelipac
Stereo-Pak (Muntz Stereo-Pak, commonly known as the 4-track cartridge)
Perforated (sprocketed) film audio magnetic tape (sepmag, perfotape, sound follower tape, magnetic film)
8-track tape
Compact Cassette
Elcaset
RCA tape cartridge
Mini-Cassette
Microcassette
Picocassette
NT (cassette)
ProDigi
Digital Audio Stationary Head
Digital Audio Tape
Digital Compact Cassette

Video

File:VHS head drum 2.jpg|thumb|A VHS VHSSome magnetic tape-based formats include:{{div col|colwidth=16em}} {{div col end}}

Computer data

File:Tapesticker.jpg|thumb|left|Small open reel of 9-track tape 9-track tape{{Excerpt|Magnetic-tape data storage}}

Notes

References

External links

www.tvhandbook.com/History/History_recording.htm" title="web.archive.org/web/20040603152849www.tvhandbook.com/History/History_recording.htm">History of Tape Recording Technology
The Museum of Obsolete Media

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