GetWiki

{{Short description|HTTP Extension for collaborative editing}}{{Primary sources|date=September 2020}}

factoids

, {{IETF RFC|4918}}| ports = 80, 443Application layer>Application}}WebDAV (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) is a set of extensions to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which allows user agents to collaboratively author contents directly in an HTTP web server by providing facilities for concurrency control and namespace operations, thus allowing Web to be viewed as a writeable, collaborative medium and not just a read-only medium.{{sfn|Whitehead|Goland|1999|p=293}} WebDAV is defined in {{IETF RFC|4918}} by a working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).{{sfn|Whitehead|1998|p=34}}The WebDAV protocol provides a framework for users to create, change and move documents on a server. The most important features include the maintenance of properties about an author or modification date, namespace management, collections, and overwrite protection. Maintenance of properties includes such things as the creation, removal, and querying of file information. Namespace management deals with the ability to copy and move web pages within a server’s namespace. Collections deal with the creation, removal, and listing of various resources. Lastly, overwrite protection handles aspects related to the locking of files. It takes advantage of existing technologies such as Transport Layer Security, digest access authentication or XML to satisfy those requirements.{{sfn|Whitehead|Goland|1999|p=294}}Many modern operating systems provide built-in client-side support for WebDAV.

History

WebDAV began in 1996 when Jim Whitehead worked with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to host two meetings to discuss the problem of distributed authoring on the World Wide Web with interested people.WEB,lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-dist-auth/1996AprJun/0002.html, Proposed agenda for San Mateo Meeting, 1996, WEB,lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-dist-auth/1996JulSep/0095.html, Brief mtg. summary, 1996, Tim Berners-Lee’s original vision of the Web involved a medium for both reading and writing. In fact, Berners-Lee’s first web browser, called WorldWideWeb, could both view and edit web pages; but, as the Web grew, it became a read-only medium for most users. Whitehead and other like-minded people wanted to transcend that limitation.WEB,lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-dist-auth/1996JulSep/0001.html, Re: Updated agenda, {{sfn|Whitehead|1998|p=40}}The meetings resulted in the formation of an IETF working group because the new effort would lead to extensions to HTTP, which the IETF had started to standardize.As work began on the protocol, it became clear that handling both distributed authoring and versioning together would involve too much work and that the tasks would have to be separated. The WebDAV group focused on distributed authoring, and left versioning for the future. (The Delta-V extension added versioning later{{snd}} see the Extensions section below.)The WebDAV working group concluded its work in March 2007, after the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) accepted an incremental update to {{IETF RFC|2518}}. Other extensions left unfinished at that time, such as the BIND method, have been finished by their individual authors, independent of the formal working group.{{sfn|Whitehead|1998|p=39-40}}

Implementation

File:WebDAV collaborative authoring.png|thumb|500px|WebDAV collaborative authoring in a compatible HTTP server]]WebDAV extends the set of standard HTTP verbs and headers allowed for request methods. The added verbs include:{{clear}}{| class=“wikitable“! Verb! Action| COPY| copy a resource from one uniform resource identifier (URI) to another | LOCKlock (computer science)>lock on a resource. WebDAV supports both shared and exclusive locks.| MKCOLfolder (computing)>directory)| MOVE| move a resource from one URI to another| PROPFINDXML, from a web resource. It is also method overloading>overloaded to allow one to retrieve the collection structure (also known as directory hierarchy) of a remote system.| PROPPATCHatomic commit>atomic act| UNLOCK| remove a lock from a resource

Properties

The properties of WebDAV protocol are name–value pair, in which a “name” is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and the “values” are expressed through XML elements. Furthermore, the methods to handle the properties are PROPFIND and PROPPATCH.{{sfn|Whitehead|Goland|1999|p=299}}

Documents produced by the working group

The WebDAV working group produced several works:

• a requirements document: “Requirements for a Distributed Authoring and Versioning Protocol for the World Wide Web” {{IETF RFC|2291}}, issued February 1998
• a base protocol document (excluding versioning, despite its title): “HTTP Extensions for Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)” {{IETF RFC|4918}}, issued June 2007 (which updates and supersedes “HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring{{snd}} WebDAV” {{IETF RFC|2518}}, issued February 1999)
• the ordered collections protocol: “Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Ordered Collections Protocol” {{IETF RFC|3648}}, issued December 2003
• the access control protocol: “Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Access Control Protocol” {{IETF RFC|3744}}, issued May 2004
• a quota specification: “Quota and Size Properties for Distributed Authoring and Versioning (DAV) Collections” {{IETF RFC|4331}}, issued February 2006
• a redirect specification: “Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Redirect Reference Resources” {{IETF RFC|4437}}, issued March 2006

Other documents published through IETF

• the versioning protocol: “Versioning Extensions to WebDAV (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning)” {{IETF RFC|3253}} (created by the Delta-V working group)
• a specification of WebDAV property datatypes: “Datatypes for Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Properties” {{IETF RFC|4316}}
• a document defining how to initiate mounting of a WebDAV resource: “Mounting Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Servers” {{IETF RFC|4709}}
• a calendar access protocol: “Calendaring Extensions to WebDAV (CalDAV)” {{IETF RFC|4791}}
• a query protocol: “Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) SEARCH” {{IETF RFC|5323}}
• an extension to the WebDAV ACL specification: “WebDAV Current Principal Extension” {{IETF RFC|5397}}
• an extension to the WebDAV MKCOL method: “Extended MKCOL for Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)” {{IETF RFC|5689}}
• an extension of the collection model, defining creation and discovery of additional bindings to a resource: “Binding Extensions to Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)” {{IETF RFC|5842}}
• an application of POST to WebDAV collections: “Using POST to Add Members to Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Collections” {{IETF RFC|5995}}
• an extension which allows synchronizing large collections efficiently: “Collection Synchronization for Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)” {{IETF RFC|6578}}

Extensions and derivatives

For versioning, the Delta-V protocol under the Web Versioning and Configuration Management working group adds resource revision tracking, published in {{IETF RFC|3253}}.For searching and locating, the DAV Searching and Locating (DASL) working group never produced any official standard although there are a number of implementations of its last draft. Work continued as non-working-group activity.DASL {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603051812www.webdav.org/dasl/ |date=2004-06-03 }} The WebDAV Search specification attempts to pick up where the working group left off, and was published as {{IETF RFC|5323}} in November 2008.WebDav SEARCHFor calendaring, CalDAV is a protocol allowing calendar access via WebDAV. CalDAV models calendar events as HTTP resources in iCalendar format, and models calendars containing events as WebDAV collections.For groupware, GroupDAV is a variant of WebDAV which allows client/server groupware systems to store and fetch objects such as calendar items and address book entries instead of web pages.For MS Exchange interoperability, WebDAV can be used for reading/updating/deleting items in a mailbox or public folder. WebDAV for Exchange has been extended by Microsoft to accommodate working with messaging data. Exchange Server version 2000, 2003, and 2007 support WebDAV. However, WebDAV support has been discontinued in Exchange 2010Discontinued Features: Exchange 2010 SP1 Help Microsoft TechNet in favor of Exchange Web Services (EWS), a SOAP/XML based API.

Additional Windows-specific extensions

{{See also|Microsoft Open Specification Promise}}As part of the Windows Server Protocols (WSPP) documentation set,WEB,msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc964399.aspx, WSPP – Windows Server Protocols documentation, 2011, Microsoft published the following protocol documents detailing extensions to WebDAV:

• [MS-WDVME]: Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Protocol: Microsoft Extensions.WEB,msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj557055.aspx, MS-WDVME – Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Protocol: Microsoft Extensions, 2014, These extensions include a new verb and new headers, and properties that enable previously unmanageable file types and optimize protocol interactions for file system clients. These extensions introduce new functionality into WebDAV, optimize processing, and eliminate the need for special-case processing.
• [MS-WDV]: Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Protocol: Client Extensions.WEB,msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc250046.aspx, MS-WDV – Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Protocol: Client Extensions, 2011, The client extensions in this specification extend the WebDAV Protocol by introducing new headers that both enable the file types that are not currently manageable and optimize protocol interactions for file system clients. These extensions do not introduce new functionality into the WebDAV Protocol, but instead optimize processing and eliminate the need for special-case processing.
• [MS-WDVSE]: Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Protocol: Server Extensions.WEB,msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc250200.aspx, MS-WDVSE – Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Protocol: Server Extensions, 2011, The server extensions in this specification extend WebDAV by introducing new HTTP request and response headers that both enable the file types that are not currently manageable and optimize protocol interactions for file system clients. This specification also introduces a new WebDAV method that is used to send search queries to disparate search providers.
• [MS-WEBDAVE]: Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning Error Extensions Protocol Specification.WEB,msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc313126.aspx, MS-WEBDAVE – Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning Error Extensions Protocol Specification, 2011, This SharePoint Front-End Protocol describes extended error codes and extended error handling mechanism specified in [MS-WDV] to enable compliant servers to report error condition details on a server response.

WebDAV clients

{| class=“sortable wikitable” style="width: auto; table-layout: fixed; text-align: center;“! Client! Creator! Operating system support! License! Interface! scope=“row” | Cyberduck| David V. Kocher| Windows, macOSGPL}}Graphical user interface>GUI! scope=“row” | davfs2| GNOME team| FUSEGPL}}Virtual file system>VFS! scope=“row” | davix| CERN| Windows, Linux, macOSLGPL}}Command line interface>CLI!EasySync|Samuel CHEMLA|AndroidMIT License>MIT|service! scope=“row” | GVfs| GNOME team| GNOMEGPL}}Virtual file system>VFS! scope=“row” | KIO| KDE team| KDEGPL}}Virtual file system>VFS! scope=“row” | Konqueror| KDE team| KDEGPL}}Graphical user interface>GUI! scope=“row” | GNOME Files| GNOME team| GNOMEGPL}}| GUI! scope=“row” | SmartFTP| SmartSoft Ltd| WindowsProprietary}}Graphical user interface>GUI! scope=“row” | WebDrive| South River Technologies| Windows, macOS, iOS, AndroidProprietary}}Virtual file system>VFS! scope=“row” | WinSCP| Martin PÅ™ikryl| WindowsGPL}}Command line interface>CLI and GUI! scope=“row” | WebClient (Deprecated)WEB, Deprecated features for Windows client,learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/whats-new/deprecated-features, What’s new in Windows, Microsoft Learn, Microsoft, 4 November 2023, | Microsoft| WindowsSame as Windows}}Windows service>service

WebDAV libraries

{| class=“sortable wikitable” style="width: auto; table-layout: fixed; text-align: center;“! Libraries! Creator! Operating system or platform! License! Language! scope=“row” | Apache Wink|Apache Software foundation|JVM|Java (programming language)>Java! scope=“row” | Apache Tomcat| Apache Software foundation | JVM|Java (programming language)>Java! scope=“row” | Apache Jackrabbit| Apache Software foundation| JVMApache License>ASFJava (programming language)>Java! scope=“row” | sabre/dav| fruux| Windows, Linux, macOS| New BSD| PHP

Alternatives to WebDAV

• File Transfer Protocol (FTP), a simple and widely adopted network protocol based on IP, allows users to transfer files between network hosts. FTPS extends FTP for secure traffic.
• SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), an extension of the Secure Shell protocol (SSH) version 2.0, provides secure file-transfer capability; and scp, a form of SFTP that runs as a single command similar to a regular cp (copy) command in the shell.
• Rsync, a protocol and a command similar to scp, that can also skip rewriting identical files and portions of files, or skip newer files, etc.
• A distributed file system such as the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol allows Microsoft Windows and open-source Samba clients to access and manage files and folders remotely on a suitable file server. Commonly used for multimedia streaming over Ethernet and widely supported by Smart TVs.WEB, Rau, Thomas, 2017-10-19, Filme, Musik & Bilder im Heimnetzwerk streamen,www.pcwelt.de/ratgeber/Media-Streaming-im-Heimnetz-8814285.html, 2020-11-05, PC-WELT, de-DE,
• AtomPub, an HTTP-based protocol for creating and updating web resources, can be used for some of the use cases of WebDAV. It is based on standard HTTP verbs with standardized collection resources that behave somewhat like the WebDAV model of directories.
• CMIS, a standard consisting of a set of Web services for sharing information among disparate content repositories, seeks to ensure interoperability for people and applications using multiple content repositories; it has both SOAP- and AtomPub-based interfaces
• Wiki software, such as MediaWiki.
• Linked Data Platform (LDP), a Linked Data specification defining a set of integration patterns for building RESTful HTTP services that are capable of read-write of RDF data.
• Object storage such as OpenStack Swift or Amazon S3

See also

• CalDAV
• CardDAV
• GroupDAV
• Content management
• Comparison of WebDAV software
• Distributed file system
• Filing OSID
• ICE
• Data portability

References

{{Reflist}}

• BOOK, 978-94-011-4441-4, 10.1007/978-94-011-4441-4_16, E. James, Whitehead, Yaron Y., Goland, Ecscw’ 99, WebDAV, 291–310,link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-011-4441-4, Springer Science+Business Media, 1999, Neatherlands, en-US,
• JOURNAL, IEEE Internet Computing, 1998, 10.1109/4236.722228, 1941-0131, 2, 5, WebDAV: IEFT standard for collaborative authoring on the Web, E.J, Whitehead, 34–40,ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/722228, 12 October 2021,

External links

• Official WebDAV site
• Awesome WebDAV A curated list of awesome apps that support WebDAV and tools related to it.
• Davfs2 project
• Fusedav project
• WebDAV Apache modules

{{Web interfaces}}{{URI scheme}}{{Authority control}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}