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factoids

| official_name = Special cities of Japan>Special city| image_skyline = Odawara montage.JPG| imagesize = 250px| image_alt = | image_caption = Top left: Odawara Castle, Top right: Panorama view of Odawara, from Odawara Castle Park, Middle left: Odawara Fishing Port, Middle right: Odawara Station, Bottom left: Sontoku Ninomiya Shrine, Bottom right: Ishigakiyama Castle Park| image_flag = Flag of Odawara, Kanagawa.svg| flag_alt = | image_seal = 神奈川県小田原市市章.svg| seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | nickname = | motto = frame=yestype=shapestroke-color=#000000|zoom=9}}| image_map1 = 基礎自治体位置図 14206.svg| map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Odawara in Kanagawa Prefecture| pushpin_map = Japan| pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption =  35N9region:JP-14|display=it}}| coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country| subdivision_name = JapanList of regions of Japan>RegionKantō region>KantōPrefectures of Japan>PrefectureKanagawa Prefecture>Kanagawa| subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = Mayor| leader_name = Teruhiko Moriya (since May 2020)| leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | total_type = | unit_pref = | area_magnitude = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 113.79| area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 188482| population_as_of = June 1, 2021| population_density_km2 = auto| population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = Japan Standard Time| utc_offset1 = +9| postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | blank_name_sec1 = Phone number| blank_info_sec1 = 0465-33-1302| blank1_name_sec1 = Address| blank1_info_sec1 = 300 Ogikubo, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa-ken 250-8555Köppen climate classification>ClimateHumid subtropical climate>Cfawww.city.odawara.kanagawa.jp}}| footnotes =



factoids



tree

Japanese black pine
| flower = Ume
| bird = Little tern
| flowering_tree =
| butterfly =
| fish = Medaka, Carangidae
| other_symbols =



}}(File:161223 Odawara Castle Odawara Japan01s3.jpg|thumb|Odawara Castle)File:Tokaido53 Odawara.jpg|thumb|right|Odawara-juku in the 1830s, as depicted by Hiroshige in The Fifty-Three Stations of the TōkaidōThe Fifty-Three Stations of the Tōkaidō{{Nihongo|Odawara|小田原市|Odawara-shi}} is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. {{As of|2021|06|01}}, the city had an estimated population of 188,482 and a population density of 1,700 persons per km2.WEB,www.city.odawara.kanagawa.jp/municipality/statistics/m-report/new.html, Odawara city official statistics, Japan, ja, The total area of the city is {{convert|113.79|sqkm|sqmi}}.

Geography

Odawara lies in the Ashigara Plains, in the far western portion of Kanagawa Prefecture at the southwestern tip of the Kantō region. It is bordered by the Hakone Mountains to the north and west, the Sakawa River to the east, and Sagami Bay of the Pacific Ocean to the south.

Surrounding municipalities

Kanagawa Prefecture

• Minamiashigara
• Ninomiya
• ÅŒi
• Kaisei
• Nakai
• Hakone
• Manazuru
• Yugawara

Climate

Odawara has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Odawara is 13.4 Â°C. The average annual rainfall is 2,144 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.2 Â°C, and lowest in January, at around 2.9 Â°C.WEB,en.climate-data.org/asia/japan/kanagawa/odawara-764642/, Odawara climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Odawara water temperature - Climate-Data.org, en.climate-data.org, {{Weather box|width=auto|collapsed = Y|metric first = Y|single line = Y|location = Odawara (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)|Jan record high C = 20.1|Feb record high C = 26.1|Mar record high C = 25.5|Apr record high C = 29.7|May record high C = 32.3|Jun record high C = 35.4|Jul record high C = 37.3|Aug record high C = 38.0|Sep record high C = 35.9|Oct record high C = 32.8|Nov record high C = 26.2|Dec record high C = 24.0|year record high C = 36.6|Jan high C = 10.6|Feb high C = 11.3|Mar high C = 14.1|Apr high C = 18.9|May high C = 22.8|Jun high C = 25.2|Jul high C = 29.0|Aug high C = 30.6|Sep high C = 27.2|Oct high C = 22.2|Nov high C = 17.4|Dec high C = 13.0|year high C = |Jan mean C = 5.3|Feb mean C = 6.1|Mar mean C = 9.2|Apr mean C = 14.0|May mean C = 18.2|Jun mean C = 21.3|Jul mean C = 25.2|Aug mean C = 26.4|Sep mean C = 23.0|Oct mean C = 17.8|Nov mean C = 12.6|Dec mean C = 7.8|year mean C = |Jan low C = 0.6|Feb low C = 1.3|Mar low C = 4.4|Apr low C = 9.2|May low C = 13.8|Jun low C = 18.0|Jul low C = 22.0|Aug low C = 23.0|Sep low C = 19.6|Oct low C = 14.1|Nov low C = 8.3|Dec low C = 3.1|year low C = |Jan record low C = -5.7|Feb record low C = -8.0|Mar record low C = -4.4|Apr record low C = -0.9|May record low C = 4.8|Jun record low C = 11.1|Jul record low C = 14.1|Aug record low C = 16.0|Sep record low C = 10.4|Oct record low C = 4.2|Nov record low C = -0.4|Dec record low C = -3.8|year record low C = -8.0|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm = 83.7|Feb precipitation mm = 89.5|Mar precipitation mm = 175.6|Apr precipitation mm = 181.7|May precipitation mm = 182.2|Jun precipitation mm = 219.3|Jul precipitation mm = 216.0|Aug precipitation mm = 167.2|Sep precipitation mm = 248.7|Oct precipitation mm = 238.7|Nov precipitation mm = 119.5|Dec precipitation mm = 74.7|year precipitation mm = 1996.5|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days = 6.0|Feb precipitation days = 6.6|Mar precipitation days = 11.1|Apr precipitation days = 10.3|May precipitation days = 10.6|Jun precipitation days = 12.8|Jul precipitation days = 11.9|Aug precipitation days = 9.2|Sep precipitation days = 12.0|Oct precipitation days = 10.9|Nov precipitation days = 8.0|Dec precipitation days = 6.3|Jan sun = 179.9|Feb sun = 159.5|Mar sun = 161.2|Apr sun = 176.9|May sun = 182.2|Jun sun = 130.5|Jul sun = 163.2|Aug sun = 201.8|Sep sun = 138.3|Oct sun = 131.0|Nov sun = 149.4|Dec sun = 171.0|year sun = 1945.0|source 1 = Japan Meteorological AgencyWEB,www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=46&block_no=1008&year=&month=&day=&view=a1, ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）Japan Meteorological Agency>JMA, March 19, 2022, WEB,www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=46&block_no=1008&year=&month=&day=&view=, ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値） Japan Meteorological Agency>JMA, March 19, 2022, }}

Demographics

Per Japanese census data,WEB,www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/chiba/, Chiba (Japan): Cities, Towns and Villages in Prefecture - Population Statistics, Charts and Map, www.citypopulation.de, the population of Odawara peaked around the year 2000 and declined slightly since then.{{Historical populations 131,366 163,631 177,467 193,417 200,173 198,327 188,856|align = none| footnote = }}

History

The area around present-day Odawara has been settled since prehistoric times, and archaeological evidence indicates that the area had a high population density in the Jōmon period. From the Ritsuryō system of the Nara period, the area became part of Ashigarashimo District of Sagami Province. It was divided into shōen during the Heian period, mostly controlled by the Hatano clan and its branches. During the Genpei War between the Heike clan and Minamoto no Yoritomo, the Battle of Ishibashiyama was fought near present-day Odawara. During the Sengoku period, Odawara developed as a castle town and capital of the domains of the later Hōjō clan, which covered most of the Kantō region. The Hōjō were defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the Battle of Odawara in 1590, despite the impregnable reputation of Odawara Castle. The territory came under the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Odawara was the center of Odawara Domain, a feudal han ruled by a succession of daimyō. The town prospered as Odawara-juku, a post station on the Tōkaidō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto.After the Meiji Restoration, Odawara Domain briefly became ‘Odawara Prefecture’, which was merged with the short-lived ‘Ashigara Prefecture’ before joining Kanagawa Prefecture in 1876. During this period, the center of economic and political life in Kanagawa shifted to Yokohama. Odawara suffered a strong decline in population, which was made more severe when the original route of the Tōkaidō Main Line bypassed the city in favor of the more northerly route via Gotemba.The epicenter of the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923 was deep beneath Izu ÅŒshima Island in Sagami Bay. It devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka Prefectures, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region. Ninety percent of the buildings in Odawara collapsed immediately, and fires burned the rubble along with anything else left standing.Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 113.Odawara regained some measure of prosperity with the opening of the Tanna Tunnel in 1934, which brought the main routing of the Tōkaidō Main Line through the city. Odawara was raised from the status of town to city on December 20, 1940. On August 15, 1945, Odawara was the last city in Japan to be bombed by Allied aircraft during World War II.On November 1, 2000, Odawara exceeded 200,000 in population, and was proclaimed a special city with increased autonomy.

Government

(File:Odawara City Hall.JPG|thumb|Odawara City Hall)Odawara has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 27 members. Odawara contributes two members to the Kanagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Kanagawa 17th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy

{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2011}}Odawara is a major commercial center for western Kanagawa Prefecture. Manufacturing includes light industry, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. Agriculture and commercial fishing play a relatively minor role in the local economy. Odawara is also a bedroom community for Yokohama and Tokyo.Companies headquartered in Odawara include:

• Suzuhiro Co.
• Meganesuper Co., Ltd.
• Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd
• Odawara Auto Machine MFG. Co., Ltd.
• Odakyu Sharyo Kogyo Co Ltd
• Odakyu Hakone Holdings Co., Ltd.
• Hakone Tozan Railway
• Sagami Trust Bank
• Nippon Injector Corporation

Education

Odawara has 25 public elementary schools and 12 public middle schools operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.Odawara also has one private elementary school, one private middle school, two private high schools, and a private junior college, the Odawara Women’s Junior College.

Transportation

Railway

(File:JR logo (central).svg|20px) JR Tōkai -Tōkaidō Shinkansen

• {{STN|Odawara}}

(File:JR logo (central).svg|20px) JR Tōkai - Gotemba Line

• {{STN|Shimo-Soga}} - {{STN|Kōzu|Kanagawa}}

(File:JR logo (east).svg|20px) JR East - Tōkaidō Main Line

• {{STN|Kōzu|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Kamonomiya|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Odawara}} - {{STN|Hayakawa}} - {{STN|Nebukawa}}

(File:OdakyuGroup logo2.svg|18px) Odakyu Electric Railway – Odakyu Odawara Line

• {{STN|Kayama}} - {{STN|Tomizu}} - {{STN|Hotaruda}} - {{STN|Ashigara|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Odawara}}

(file:IzuHakoneRailway mark.svg|20px) Izuhakone Railway - Daiyūzan Line

• {{STN|Odawara}} - {{STN|Midorichō}} - {{STN|Isaida}} - {{STN|Gohyakurakan}} - {{STN|Anabe}} - {{STN|Iidaoka}} - {{STN|Sagami-Numata}}

(File:OdakyuGroup logo2.svg|18px) Hakone Tozan Railway - Hakone Tozan Line

• {{STN|Odawara}} - {{STN|Hakone-Itabashi}} - {{STN|Kazamatsuri}} - {{STN|Iriuda}}

Highway

• {{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E85}}
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|1}}, to Tokyo or Kyoto
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|135}}, to Shimoda
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|138}}, to Fujiyoshida
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|255}}, to Hadano
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|271}}], to Atsugi (toll)

Bus

• Bus service to Izu Peninsula

Local attractions

File:HJ5SH1.JPG|thumb|Odawara Hōjō Godai FestivalOdawara Hōjō Godai FestivalBesides Odawara Castle, Odawara is a major transit point for the Hakone hot springs resort area and the sightseeing locations of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. Within the city itself, the Yugawara area is a well-known hot spring resort.Another castle, Ishigakiyama Ichiya Castle, was built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.Enoura, a coastal area of Odawara known for its pristine sea, has an abundance of kumamomi, a type of fish that prefers clear and clean water. Sea turtles are sometimes present there. Because of the clear water and plentiful undersea life, many people come to Enoura for scuba diving.Traditionally, Odawara is known for its production of kamaboko processed fish, stockfish, umeboshi salted plums, and traditional herbal medicines. The Suzuhiro Kamaboko Village is a place to experience making and learning more about Odawara Kamaboko.The Odawara Hōjō Godai Festival, the city’s biggest tourism event, takes place every May 3 during Golden Week.WEB,www-city-odawara-kanagawa-jp.translate.goog/kanko/event/MAY/houjou5dai.html?_x_tr_sl=ja&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en, 小田原市 | 第59回小田原北條五代祭り, WEB,www.odawara-kankou.com/event/eventyear/event-may01-copy.html, 5月3æ—¥ 北條五代祭り | イベント-年間一覧 | リトルトリップ小田原 [小田原市観光協会], リトルトリップ小田原 [小田原市観光協会],

Sister city relations

• {{flagdeco|Japan}} - Nikkō, Tochigi, since December 19, 1980
• {{flagdeco|Japan}} - Kishiwada, Osaka, since June 26, 1968
• {{flagdeco|US}} - Chula Vista, California, United States, since November 8, 1981
• {{flagdeco|Australia}} - Manly, New South Wales, Australia (friendship city), since 1991
• {{flagdeco|PRC}} - Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, since February 4, 1993

Notable people from Odawara

{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2013}}

• Kai Atō, actor
• Akira Hagiwara, racing driver
• Yōhei Kōno, politician
• Rumina Sato, mixed martial arts fighter
• Ninomiya Sontoku, Edo period economist and philosopher
• Shogo Suzuki, actor and musician (Samurai Sentai Shinkenger)
• Kitamura Tokoku, author
• Yoshiyuki Tomino, anime movie director (Gundam)
• Baku Yumemakura, science fiction author

Notes

{{reflist}}

References

• Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. {{ISBN|978-0-7432-6465-5}} (cloth)

External links

{{Wikivoyage|Odawara}}{{Commons category|Odawara, Kanagawa}}

• Official Website {{in lang|ja}}
• Odawara Tourism Website {{in lang|en}}

{{Kanagawa}}{{Metropolitan cities of Japan}}{{Authority control}}

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- time: 3:37am EDT - Wed, May 22 2024