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Mu Ying
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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{{Short description|Chinese muslim general}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Family
Consort and issue(s):- Lady Zhaojing of Qianning, of the Feng clan (é»å®æéç夫人å¯æ°)
- Lady Zhaojing of Qianning, of the Geng clan (é»å®æéç继夫人è¿æ°, 1344-1431)
- Lady Baosheng, of the Fang clan (é²ç夫人æ¹æ°, 1357 â 1439)
- Mu Ang, Count of Dingbian (å®è¾¹ä¼¯ æ²æ, d. 1445), fifth son
- Lady Gaoming, of the Yan clan (诰å½å¤«äººé¢æ°, d.1448)
- Mu Xin, Marquis of Xiping (西平侯 æ²æ), fourth son
- Unknown:
- Mu Chun, Marquis of Xiping (西平侯æ²æ¥, d. 1399), first son
- Mu Sheng, Duke of Qian (é»åå ¬ æ²æ, 1368 â 1449), second son
- Mu Chang (æ²æ¶), third son
Ethnicity
In his The References of History of Islam in China, Bai Shouyi explained that he failed to find any reliable proof of Mu Ying was a Hui Chinese. Thus, "it sounded unconvincing" to "identify him as one of Hui people". However, later, the biography of Mu was included in A History of the Chinese Hui People (), which was edited by Bai without further evidence.BOOK, A History of the Chinese Hui People (ä¸å½ååæ°æå²), Bai, Shouyi, Zhonghua Book Company, 2007, 9787101059090, 858â861, Michael Dillon wrote that "There is no suggestion in most western accounts of Mu Ying's career or the Chinese sources on which they draw that Mu Ying was anything other than a Han Chinese by origin, yet he has been included in the major series of studies of the lives of eminent Hui as a Muslim without any comment. The surname Mu is also common among Chinese Muslims and is probably derived from Muhammad, although it is normally written with a different Chinese character. The character used to write Mu Ying's surname is the one associated with washing the hair and which appears on signs in every mosque in China as the first character of muyu the ritual baths to be used before prayer." He concludes that "He was probably descended from an old Muslim family but there is no evidence that he was a practising Muslim."BOOK, Dillon, Michael, China's Muslim Hui Community: Migration, Settlement and Sects, 1999, Routledge, 978-0700710263, 33,weblink Jonathan Neaman Lipman notes that Mu Ying is among a number of generals "unambiguously claimed as Muslim by Sino-Muslim scholars" mentioning specifically Bai Shouyi. He writes that "There is considerable doubt among non-Muslim scholars as to the âMuslimâ identity of most of these generals, but Sino-Muslims assert their âHuinessâ unequivocally. Tazaka, Chugoku ni okeru kaikyo, 861, for example, questions not only Chang Yuqunâs identification as a Huihui but that of many others as well. F. Mote, in Goodrich and Fang, Dictionary, 1079â83, indicates that we have no evidence that Mu Ying was born a Muslim, and the story of his adoption and upbringing in Zhu Yuanzhangâs intimate circle certainly indicates that he was not raised as one."BOOK, Lipman, Jonathan Neaman, Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China, 2000, University of Washington Press, 978-0295976440, 22,weblink However, other authors such as Li Qingsheng have pointed out his dietary practices of eating only lamb meat, his Muslim wife, and his construction of a mosque in Xining as examples of his identification with Islam. Moreover, many Muslims flocked to Yunnan during Mu's administration there.BOOK, James A. Anderson, John K. Whitmore, China's Encounters on the South and Southwest Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia, 2014, BRILL, 9789004282483, 152,Popular culture
The descendants of Mu Ying are featured in Louis Cha's Wuxia novel The Deer and the Cauldron, set in the early Qing dynasty. The Mu Prince Residence based in Yunnan is a pro-Ming secret organisation that houses the descendants of Mu Ying and his followers.Cha, Louis. The Deer and the Cauldron (鹿é¼è¨). Ming Pao, 1969. Mu Jianping of the seven wives of Wei Xiaobao (the protagonist), and her brother Mu Jiansheng, are direct descendants of Mu Ying.See also
References
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- "Mu Ying" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
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