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{{Short description|Maghrebi Arab lexicographer of the Arabic language (c.1233-c.1312)}}

factoids

Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn Alī ibn Ahmad ibn Manzūr al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī () also known as Ibn Manẓūr () (June–July 1233 – December 1311/January 1312) was an Arab lexicographer of the Arabic language and author of a large dictionary, Lisan al-ʿArab (; {{Literal translation|The Tongue of the Arabs}}BOOK, Ibn Manzur ابن منظور, Muḥammad Ibn-Mukarram Haydar AA, Ibn Manzur, Lisān Al-ʻarab 2. ed., Beirut, Arabic, Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah, 2009, 9782745141255,shamela.ws/book/1687/885, searchable online, )

Biography

Ibn Manzur was born in 1233 in Ifriqiya (present day Tunisia).BOOK, Haywood, John, Arabic Lexicography: its History, and Its Place in the General History of Lexicography, 1960,archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.12555, Leiden, E. J. Brill, 77, He was of Arab descent, from the Banu Khazraj tribe of Ansar as his nisba al-AnsārÄ« al-IfrÄ«qÄ« al-MisrÄ« al-KhazrajÄ« suggests. Ibn Hajar reports that he was a judge (qadi) in Tripoli, Libya and Egypt and spent his life as clerk in the Diwan al-Insha’, an office that was responsible among other things for correspondence, archiving and copying.Cf. H.L. Gottschalk: Art. DÄ«wān ii. Egypt, in: ²Encyclopaedia of Islam II (1965), p.327-331, here: 328. Fück assumes to be able to identify him with Muḥammad b. Mukarram, who was one of the secretaries of this institution (the so called Kuttāb al-Inshāʾ) under Qalawun. Following Brockelmann, Ibn Manzur studied philology. He dedicated most of his life to excerpts from works of historical philology. He is said to have left 500 volumes of this work. He died around the turn of the years 1311/1312 in Cairo.

Works

Lisān al-ʿArab

{{Interlanguage link multi|Lisān al-Ê¿Arab|ar|3=لسان العرب}} (لسان العرب, “Tongue of Arabs“) was completed by Ibn Manzur in 1290. Occupying 20 printed book volumes (in the most frequently cited edition), it is the best known dictionary of the Arabic language,Kees Versteegh, The Arabic Language, pg. 63. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2001. Paperback edition. {{ISBN|9780748614363}} as well as one of the most comprehensive. Ibn Manzur compiled it from other sources to a large degree. The most important sources for it were the TahdhÄ«b al-Lugha of AzharÄ«, Al-Muḥkam of Ibn Sidah, Al-Nihāya of Ibn AthÄ«r and Jauhari’s á¹¢iḥāḥ, as well as the ḥawāshÄ« (glosses) of the latter (Kitāb at-TanbÄ«h wa-l-Īḍāḥ) by Ibn BarrÄ«.WEB,archive.org/details/lisan.al.arab, لسان العرب - ابن منظور, February 15, 2018, Internet Archive, It follows the á¹¢iḥāḥ in the arrangement of the roots: The headwords are not arranged by the alphabetical order of the radicals as usually done today in the study of Semitic languages, but according to the last radical Cf. for the arrangement of Arabic lexikographical works J. Kraemer: Studien zur altarabischen Lexikographie, in: Oriens 6 (1953), p.201-238. - which makes finding rhyming endings significantly easier. Furthermore, the Lisān al-Arab notes its direct sources, but not or seldom their sources, making it hard to trace the linguistic history of certain words. Murtaḍá al-ZabÄ«dÄ« corrected this in his Tāj al-Ê¿ArÅ«s, that itself goes back to the Lisān. The Lisān, according to Ignatius d’Ohsson, was already printed in the 18th century in Istanbul,Cf. C. Brockelmann: Geschichte der arabischen Literatur. Volume II, p. 21 u. Georg Jacob: Altarabisches Beduinenleben: Nach den Quellen geschildert. Mayer, Berlin ²1887, p. XXXV, who both refer to I. d’Ohsson: Allgemeine Schilderung des Othomanischen Reichs. Volume I, p. 573. thus fairly early for the Islamic world.(File:Lisan_al_arab_by_Ibn_Manzur.jpg|thumb|Lisan al Arab by Ibn Manzur (1233-1312))

Published editions of the Lisān al-’Arab

• Bullag Misr al-Matb’ah al-Kubra al-’Amiriyah Egypt; 1883, vol.,1WEB, Raid Naim,www.baheth.info/index.jsp, الباحث العربي: قاموس عربي عربي, Baheth.info, 2014-03-05, 2017-04-15,baheth.info/index.jsp," title="web.archive.org/web/20170415064207baheth.info/index.jsp,">web.archive.org/web/20170415064207baheth.info/index.jsp, dead,
• Al-Maá¹­baÊ¿a al-Kubra al-AmirÄ«ya, Bulaq; 1883 - 1890, vols.,20WEB,archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28lisan%20al-arab%29, downloadable, 2014-03-05,
• Dar Sadir, Beirut; 1955 - 1956, vols.,15.
• Ä€dāb al-Ḥawza, Iran; 1984, vols.,18

Other works

• Aḫbār AbÄ« Nuwās, a bio-bibliography of the Arabic-Persian poet Abu Nuwas; printed (with commentary by Muhammad Abd ar-Rasul) 1924 in Cairo as well as published by Shukri M. Ahmad 1952 in Baghdad.
• Muḫtaá¹£ar taʾrīḫ madÄ«nat DimaÅ¡q l-Ibn Ê¿Asākir, summary of the history of Damascus by Ibn ‘Asakir.
• Muḫtaá¹£ar taʾrīḫ madÄ«nat BaÄ¡dād li-s-SamʿānÄ«, summary of the history of Baghdad by al-SamʿānÄ« (d. December 1166).
• Muḫtaá¹£ar ǦāmiÊ¿ al-Mufradāt, summary of the treatise about remedies and edibles by al-Baiṭār.
• Muḫtār al-aġānÄ« fi-l-aḫbār wa-t-tahānÄ«, a selection of songs; printed 1927 in Cairo.
• Niṯār al-azhār fÄ« l-layl wa-l-nahār, a short treatise on astronomy about day and night as well as the stars and zodiacs; printed 1880 in Istanbul.
• Taḏkirāt al-LabÄ«b wa-nuzhat al-adÄ«b (if following Fück identical with Muḥammad b. Mukarram), served al-Qalqaschandi as a source.

References

Sources

• Carl Brockelmann: Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur. Volume II, Brill, Leiden ²1943, p. 21f as well as Supplement Volume II, Brill, Leiden 1938, p. 14f.
• Johann W. Fück: Art. Ibn Manẓūr, in: ²Encyclopaedia of Islam III (1971), p. 864.
• Jörg Krämer: Studien zur altarabischen Lexikographie: Nach Istanbuler und Berliner Handschriften, in: Oriens 6 (1953), p. 230f.
• Fuat Sezgin: Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. Volumes I - IX, Brill, Leiden 1964 - 1987.

{{Arabic literature}}{{Authority control}}